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Carl Reinecke: Personal Memories of Joseph Joachim

03 Saturday Jan 2026

Posted by Joachim in Miscellaneous Articles, Uncategorized

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Carl Reinecke, “Persönliche Erinnerungen an Joseph Joachim,” Deutsche Revue 34, no. 4 (1909): 91–95. 

English translation below (c) Robert Whitehouse Eshbach 2025


Persönliche Erinnerungen an Joseph Joachim
Von
Karl Reinecke


Am Abend des 16. November 1843 schritt ich den kurzen Weg von meiner Wohnung zum alten Gewandhause in Leipzig; es war für mich ein bedeutsamer Weg, denn an dieser altberühmten Stätte, wo von Mozart an fast jeder große Künstler gespielt und wo Mendelssohn sieben Jahre mit heiligem Eifer seines Amtes als Kapellmeister gewaltet hatte, sollte ich mich nun als berufener Künstler ausweisen. Ein Solistenzimmer gab es in diesen geheiligten, aber äußerlich so bescheidenen Räumen nicht, und bis ich an den Flügel gerufen wurde, hätte ich den Klängen der vorangehenden Nummern durch die Tür lauschen müssen, wenn es mir nicht gelungen wäre, mich in einem Winkelchen
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auf dem Podium zu verstecken. Eine Sinfonie von Haydn und eine Arie aus dessen „Schöpfung“ waren verrauscht, und nun trat ein zwölfjähriger Knabe im Jäckchen und mit umgeschlagenen Hemdkragen auf und trug die seinerzit berühmte Othellophantasie von Ernst mit vollendeter Virtuosität und mit knabenhafter Unbefangenheit vor. Es war Joseph Joachim, dem am Schlusse das sonst etwas reservierte Gewandhauspublikum stürmisch zujubelte. Ich hatte noch eine ganze Weile zu warten, bis ich mich an den Flügel setzen mußte, um Mendelssohns Serenade und Allegro giojoso zu spielen. Daß das Publikum meine Leistung zwar freundlich aufnahm, mir aber nicht in einer Weise zujubelte wie dem zwölfjährigen Wunderknaben, kränkte mich nicht, denn ich war verständig genug, um es als selbstverständlich zu erachten, daß das Publikum einen Knaben, der auf seiner Geige das ganze Feuerwerk eines brillanten Virtuosenstückes hatte aufblitzen lassen, enthusiastischer entließ als einen neunzehnjährigen befrackten Jüngling, der die liebenswürdige, aber keineswegs bravourmäßig ausgestattete Serenade von Mendelssohn vorgetragen hatte. Von diesem Tage an, da wir beide unser Debüt im Gewandhaussaale ablegten, bis zu Joachims Tode sind wir beide stets in treuer Freundschaft verbunden geblieben. Am Abend des 16. November 1843 hätte keiner von uns ahnen können, daß der eine bis an sein hohes Alter fast alljährlich ein jubelnd bewillkommter Gast im Gewandhause sein würde, der andere aber fünfunddreißig Jahre lang als Kapellmeister dieses Konzertinstituts fungieren und dreiundsechzig Jahre später bei der Feier von Mozarts hundertfünfzigstem Geburtstage ein Konzert dieses Meisters in den Pracht­räumen des neuen Gewandhauses spielen würde. 


Joachim war das siebente Kind jüdischer Eltern, die in einem kleinen Orte in der Nähe von Preßburg lebten. Ohne musikalisches Talent von Vater oder Mutter ererbt zu haben, zeigte sich ein solches dennoch sehr früh, und schon mit sieben Jahren trat der kleine Mann im Adelssaale in Pest als Geiger auf; infolgedessen hatte er das Glück, aufs Konservatorium in Wien gebracht zu werden, woselbst ihm der Vorzug zuteil ward, den Unterricht des berühmten Geigenmeisters Joseph Böhm zu genießen, der ihn zu dem machte, der als Dreizehnjähriger schon einen Mendelssohn imponieren konnte. Mit rührender Dankbarkeit hing er an seinem Lehrer und widmete ihm auch sein Opus 1 Andantino und Allegro scherzoso für Violine mit Orchester. Eine sehr schwierige, vierunddreißig Takte umfassende Kadenz zu diesem Werke schrieb er mir in mein Album mit der Unterschrift: „Meinem lieben hochgeschätzten Freunde C. Reinecke zur Erinnerung an Jos. Joachim.“ Wie die Schrift noch den Knaben verrät, so hatte er auch nach knabenhafter Weise vergessen, das Datum hinzuzufügen; es wird aus dem Jahre 1844 stammen, und zwischen diesem, seinem ersten und seinem letzten an mich gerichteten Schriftstück, dem Glückwunsch zu meinem achtzigsten Geburtstage, welchen er am 23. Juni 1904 namens der Königlichen Akademie der Künste an mich richtete, mögen wohl rund sechzig Jahre liegen. 


Ganz naturgemäß stak Joachim bei seinem Erscheinen in Leipzig noch ganz 
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im Banne der Virtuosität, aber durch den steten Umgang mit Mendelssohn, der den Knaben wie ein Vater liebte und förderte, ward er gar bald ins Heiligtum der Kunst eingeführt, und fortan verwendete er seine Virtuosität lediglich zur vollendeten Wiedergabe wahrhaftiger Kunstwerke der Geigenliteratur. Im Jahre 1853 spielte er auf dem Niederrheinischen Musikfeste zu Düsseldorf, und ich hatte zufällig das Glück, diesem seinem ersten Auftreten in den Rheinlanden beiwohnen zu können. Welch ein Andrer, Größerer war er inzwischen geworden. Einst Diener der Virtuosität, jetzt Priester der Kunst. Er spielte das Beethovensche Violinkonzert, das bis dahin unerreichte, welches von dem Augenblicke an, da Joachim es sich zu eigen gemacht hatte, erst in seiner ganzen Größe erkannt worden ist. Wie ein jugendlicher Held, vornehm, aber anspruchslos, erschien er auf dem Podium; kaum jedoch hatte er die ersten, gleichsam verklärten Anfangstakte des Solo gespielt, so sprang ihm infolge der tropischen Hitze, die in der Konzertsaale herrschte, die Quinte, doch rasch entschlossen nahm er dem Konzertmeister Theodor Pixis dessen Geige aus der Hand und spielte, als ob nichts vorgefallen wäre, den ganzen Satz auf der fremden Geige zu Ende. Es ist ein müßiges Beginnen, solch vollendetes Spiel mit Worten zu beschreiben. Aber noch heute, nach sechsundfünfzig Jahren, erinnere ich mich deutlich, daß ich nach diesem Vortrage mich in die einsamen Gänge des Hofgartens schlich, um ungestört den gehabten Kunstgenuß noch einmal in meinem Innern zu durchleben. — In demselben Jahre gab ich mit Joachim ein Konzert in Bremen, in welchem wir u. a. die Kreutzer‑Sonate von Beethoven und das reizvolle H‑Moll‑Rondo von Franz Schubert spielten. Als wir am andern Morgen allein im Eisenbahncoupé saßen, trieben wir allerlei musikalische Allotria, gaben uns Scharaden auf und improvisierten zweistimmige Kanons u. s. w., da sah ich plötzlich auf der Fußmatte etwas Goldiges blinken und rief: „Schau her, Joachim, da liegt ein Louis­d’or!“ Er war ebenso erstaunt über diesen Fund wie ich, ward aber ganz verblüfft, als wir nach und nach mehr von diesen angenehmen Goldstücken fanden. Da ging ihm plötzlich ein Licht auf: er hatte seinen Anteil an der Konzerteinnahme blank in seine Hosentasche gesteckt, und diese hatte ein Loch. — 


Joachim, welcher bis dahin nur vorübergehend und auf kurze Zeit feste Stellungen eingenommen hatte (so als Lehrer des Violinspiels am Konservatorium in Leipzig und als Konzertmeister in Weimar), nahm im Jahre 1853 die Berufung des Königs Georg V. von Hannover an, welcher ihn zu seinem Kammervirtuosen und zum Königlichen Konzertmeister ernannt hatte. In dieser Stellung verblieb er bis zum Jahre 1866. Im Jahre 1863, kurz nachdem er sich mit der trefflichen Sängerin Amalie Weiß vermählt hatte, lud er mich ein, in einem von ihm geleiteten Abonnementskonzert meine Ouvertüre zu Calderons „Dame Kobold“ zu dirigieren und bei dieser Gelegenheit sein Gast in seinem neuen Heim zu sein. Es ist mir eine liebe Erinnerung, Zeuge gewesen zu sein von dem jungen Glück dieses herrlichen Künstlerpaares. — Ein eigentümlicher Zufall ist es, daß die Zahl „3“ eine solche Rolle in meinen markantesten Begegnungen mit Joachim spielt: Unser erstes Begegnen war im Jahre 1843, zehn 
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Jahre später gab ich mit ihm das Konzert in Bremen, abermals nach zehn Jahren trat ich, wie soeben erzählt, in seinem Konzert als Komponist und Dirigent auf, und im Jahre 1873 spielten wir miteinander die H‑Moll‑Sonate von Joh. Seb. Bach in einem Konzerte in Leipzig, welches von den Freunden und Verehrern des Niederkomponisten Robert Franz veranstaltet wurde, um dem durch Ohren‑ und Hand­leiden schwer geprüften Künstler eine Ehrengabe überreichen zu können. Im Jahre 1883 hatte ich zum erstenmal die Freude, Joachim als Quartettspieler mit seinen trefflichen Genossen de Ahna, Wirth und Hausmann begrüßen zu können. Am 23. April fand diese Quartettsoiree im Saale des Gewandhauses vor einem erwartungsvoll gespannten Hörerkreise statt. Zwar hatte ich meinen Freund gar manches Mal schon als Quartettspieler bewundert, aber niemals als Haupt des von ihm in Berlin gebildeten Quartetts, einer Korona von Künstlern ersten Ranges, die sich nun bereits seit Jahren so ineinander eingelebt hatten, daß nirgends eine Schwäche, nirgends ein Hervordrängen des einzelnen zu entdecken war, und daß selbst die improvisierte Nuance, die sich irgendeiner gestattete, sofort von den übrigen erfaßt wurde, als wäre sie in den Proben vorbereitet worden. Mir war es mit Erfolg gelungen, diese illustre Vereinigung zu einem Besuche Leipzigs zu veranlassen, und ich hatte die Freude, daß das Leipziger Publikum den vollendeten Leistungen volles Verständnis entgegenbrachte. Man begegnet manchem großen Virtuosen, der da scheitert, wenn er Meisterwerke der Kammermusik zur Erscheinung bringen soll, weil ihm das Verständnis für diese edelste aller Kunstgattungen abgeht, aber Joachim, der in allen Sätteln gerechte Musiker von sicherstem Stilgefühl und feinstem Empfinden, wußte mit seinen Kunstgenossen ebenso hinreißend ein sonnig‑heiteres Quartett von Haydn wie das tiefsinnige der Beethoven’schen Muse zu interpretieren, ebenso wohl den romantischen Zauber in Schumanns oder Schuberts Schöpfungen zur Geltung zu bringen wie die schlichte Größe und deutsche Anmut eines Mozart. Und abermals zehn Jahre später traf ich mit Joachim am Rhein zu gemeinschaftlichem Musizieren zusammen. Am 2. Februar 1889 hatte die „Bonner Zeitung“ folgende kurze Notiz gebracht: „Das Haus Bonngasse Nr. 20 — Beethoven’s Geburtshaus — ist für den Preis von 57 000 Mark von dem jetzigen Besitzer an Herrn … hierselbst verkauft worden.“ Es hatten sich nämlich kurz zuvor kunstbegeisterte Männer von Bonn vereinigt, um dieses denkwürdige Haus, in dem der größte Sohn dieser Stadt das Licht der Welt erblickt hatte, zu erwerben und der Nachwelt als ein Denkmal pietätvoller Dankbarkeit zu erhalten. So entstand der Verein „Beethoven‑Haus“ zu Bonn. Um die nötigen Mittel zur Durchführung dieses Unternehmens zu beschaffen, entschloß man sich zur Veranstaltung periodisch wiederkehrender Kammermusikfeste großen Stiles mit muster­gültigen Aufführungen. Das erste dieser Feste fand deshalb im Jahre 1890 vom 11. bis 15. Mai statt. Joachim war zum Ehrenpräsidenten des Vereins ernannt worden, und sein Quartett war natürlich eine Hauptattraktion. Leider war de Ahna inzwischen von hinnen geschieden, jedoch durch 
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einen Schüler Joachims aufs beste ersetzt worden. Auf diesem Feste trug ich u. a. mit Joachim und Alfred Piatti Beethovens Trio Op. 70 Nr. 2 vor. Als wir drei später photographiert wurden, addierten wir unsre Lebensjahre und gewannen die stattliche Zahl von 193. Das zweite Fest ward im Jahre 1893 vom 10. bis 14. Mai gefeiert, und kam die Zahl „3“ wieder einmal zu ihrem Rechte, denn ich hatte wiederum mit Joachim ein großes Trio von Beethoven zu spielen. 


In Kürze sei schließlich noch der beiden Feiern gedacht, die bei der Enthüllung der Denkmäler für Mendelssohn in Leipzig und für Schumann in Zwickau stattfanden. Am 26. Mai 1892 ward das erzene Standbild Mendelssohns enthüllt und gipfelte die Feier in einem Festkonzerte im neuen Gewandhause, welches ich leitete und in dem Joachim das Mendelssohnsche Violinkonzert spielte, während wir beide uns am Vorabend bei einer mehr intimen Feier bei der Ausführung Mendelssohnscher Kammermusikwerke beteiligten. Die Enthüllung des Schumannmonumentes ward mit einem mehrtägigen Musikfeste gefeiert, und zwar Juni 1901. Joachim und ich, als die einzigen noch lebenden Künstler, die Schumann nahegestanden hatten, waren eingeladen, das Fest im Verein mit dem einheimischen Musikdirektor zu leiten und desgleichen uns als Ausführende daran zu beteiligen. Als Joachim unter meiner Führung des Orchesters die Geigenphantasie des Meisters vortrug und plötzlich vor übergroßer Rührung den Faden verlor, ward es auch mir weh ums Herz, und es war wohl zu verstehen, wenn wir uns nach Beendigung des Stückes in den Armen lagen, des so trübe dahingeschiedenen, von uns so geliebten Meisters gedenkend. Das war mein letztes Zusammensein mit Joachim. 


Nun ist auch er, der große Geigenmeister, heimgegangen. Die jüngere Generation, die ihn nur in seinen letzten Lebensjahren geigen hörte, behauptete, oft enttäuscht zu sein, weil sie wohl die Schwächen bemerkte, die durch die gealterten Glieder bedingt waren, nicht aber die Größe seines Stils und die einfache Schönheit seines Vortrages zu würdigen wußte. Man mag es bedauern, daß Verhältnisse ihn zwangen, noch bis kurz vor seinem Ende öffentlich aufzutreten; aber es fällt darum doch kein Blättchen aus dem immergrünen Lorbeer, der seine edle Stirn umwindet.
 

 
Personal Memories of Joseph Joachim
by Carl Reinecke

 

On the evening of 16 November 1843 I walked the short way from my lodgings to the old Gewandhaus in Leipzig; it was a significant path for me, for in that time‑honored place, where from Mozart onward almost every great artist had played and where Mendelssohn had, with sacred zeal, discharged the post of Kapellmeister for seven years, I was now to present myself as a fully fledged artist. There was no soloist’s room in those hallowed but outwardly so modest quarters, and until I was called to the piano I would have had to listen through the door to the sounds of the preceding numbers, had I not succeeded in hiding myself in a little corner on the platform. A symphony by Haydn and an aria from his “Creation” had died away, and now a twelve‑year‑old boy appeared in a little jacket and with turned‑down shirt collar and played Ernst’s then famous Othello Fantasy with consummate virtuosity and boyish self‑possession. It was Joseph Joachim, to whom, at the end, the otherwise somewhat reserved Gewandhaus audience gave stormy applause. I still had quite a while to wait before sitting down at the piano to play Mendelssohn’s Serenade and Allegro giojoso. That the audience received my performance kindly, but did not cheer me in the same way as the twelve‑year‑old child prodigy, did not hurt me, for I was sensible enough to regard it as self‑evident that the audience would greet with greater enthusiasm a boy who had made the entire fireworks of a brilliant virtuoso piece flash from his violin than a nineteen‑year‑old, properly tail‑coated youth who had played Mendelssohn’s amiable but by no means bravura‑like Serenade. From that day on, when we both made our debuts in the Gewandhaus hall, down to Joachim’s death we remained united in faithful friendship. On the evening of 16 November 1843 neither of us could have guessed that the one would, almost every year until his old age, be a joyfully welcomed guest in the Gewandhaus, while the other would serve for thirty‑five years as Kapellmeister of this concert institution and, sixty‑three years later, would conduct a concert of this master in the splendid rooms of the new Gewandhaus in celebration of Mozart’s one hundred and fiftieth birthday.


Joachim was the seventh child of Jewish parents who lived in a small town near Pressburg. Although he had inherited no musical talent from either father or mother, such a gift nevertheless revealed itself very early, and already at the age of seven the little fellow appeared as a violinist in the Adelskasino in Pest; in consequence he had the good fortune to be taken to the Conservatory in Vienna, where he had the privilege of receiving instruction from the famous violinist Joseph Böhm, who made him into someone who, already at thirteen, could impress a Mendelssohn. With touching gratitude, he clung to his teacher and dedicated to him his Opus 1, Andantino and Allegro scherzoso for violin and orchestra. He wrote a very difficult cadenza of thirty‑four bars to this work in my album with the inscription: “To my dear and highly esteemed friend C. Reinecke in memory of Jos. Joachim.” As the handwriting still reveals the boy, so he had also, in boyish fashion, forgotten to add the date; it must be from the year 1844, and between this, his first letter to me, and his last written communication to me, the congratulatory note on my eightieth birthday, which he addressed to me on 23 June 1904 in the name of the Royal Academy of Arts, there lie roughly sixty years.


Quite naturally, when Joachim made his appearance in Leipzig he was still entirely under the spell of virtuosity, but through his constant association with Mendelssohn, who loved and encouraged the boy like a father, he was soon introduced into the most sacred realm of art, and from then on he used his virtuosity solely for the perfect realization of genuinely artistic works of the violin literature. In 1853 he played at the Lower Rhine Music Festival in Düsseldorf, his first appearance in the Rhineland, which, quite by chance, I had the good fortune to be able to attend. What a different, greater man he had become in the meantime. Formerly a servant of virtuosity, now a priest of art. He played Beethoven’s violin concerto, that until then unsurpassed work which was first recognized in its full greatness from the moment Joachim made it his own. Like a youthful hero, noble yet unassuming, he appeared on the platform; but scarcely had he played the first, as it were transfigured, opening bars of the solo when, owing to the tropical heat that prevailed in the concert hall, the E string snapped; yet he quickly and resolutely took the concertmaster Theodor Pixis’s violin from his hand and, as if nothing had happened, played the entire movement to the end on the unfamiliar instrument. It is a futile undertaking to try to describe such perfect playing in words. But even today, fifty‑six years later, I remember clearly how, after this performance, I slipped into the solitary paths of the Hofgarten in order, undisturbed, to relive within myself the artistic enjoyment I had received. That same year I gave a concert with Joachim in Bremen, in which we played, among other things, Beethoven’s “Kreutzer” Sonata and Schubert’s delightful rondo in B minor. The next morning, when we were alone together in a railway compartment, we indulged in all kinds of musical horseplay, set each other charades and improvised two‑part canons and so on, when I suddenly saw something golden gleam on the floor‑mat and cried: “Look, Joachim, there lies a louis d’or!” He was as astonished at this find as I was, but became quite dismayed when we gradually discovered more of these pleasant gold pieces. Then suddenly a light dawned on him: he had put his share of the concert takings loose into his trouser pocket, and it had a hole.


Joachim, who until then had held only temporary and short‑term posts (for example as teacher of violin playing at the Conservatory in Leipzig and as concertmaster in Weimar), accepted in 1853 the appointment of King George V of Hanover, who had named him his chamber virtuoso and royal concertmaster. He remained in this position until 1866. In 1863, shortly after he had married the excellent singer Amalie Weiß, he invited me to conduct, in a subscription concert directed by him, my overture in C major to Calderon’s “Dame Kobold,” and on this occasion to be his guest in his new home. It is a dear memory for me to have been witness to the youthful happiness of this splendid artist couple. A peculiar coincidence is that the number “3” plays such a role in my most striking encounters with Joachim: our first meeting was in 1843; ten years later I gave the concert in Bremen with him; another ten years later, as just related, I appeared in his concert as composer and conductor, and in 1873 we played together Bach’s B minor sonata in a concert in Leipzig which was organized by the friends and admirers of the now‑deceased composer Robert Franz in order to present the artist, heavily afflicted with ear and hand ailments, with a token of honor. In 1883 I had for the first time the pleasure of welcoming Joachim as quartet player together with his excellent colleagues de Ahna, Wirth, and Hausmann. On 23 April this quartet soirée took place in the hall of the Gewandhaus before a circle of listeners tense with expectation. I had indeed admired my friend many a time as quartet player, but never as the head of the quartet he had formed in Berlin, a crown of artists of the first rank, who had grown so intimate with one another over the years that no weakness, no pushing of any individual was to be detected, and even the improvised nuance that any one of them permitted himself was immediately grasped by the others as if it had been prepared in rehearsal. I had succeeded in persuading this illustrious ensemble to visit Leipzig, and it gave me joy that the Leipzig public responded to their perfect performances with complete understanding. One meets many a great virtuoso who fails when he is called upon to present masterpieces of chamber music, because he lacks the understanding for this noblest of all art forms; but Joachim, a musician sure‑seated in every saddle, of the most reliable sense of style and the finest feeling, knew how, together with his artistic comrades, to interpret as irresistibly a sunny, cheerful quartet by Haydn as the profound creations of Beethoven’s muse, and equally to bring to life the romantic magic of Schumann’s or Schubert’s works and the simple greatness and German grace of a Mozart.


And yet another ten years later I met Joachim again on the Rhine for joint music‑making. On 2 February 1889 the Bonner Zeitung carried the following brief notice: “The house Bonngasse No. 20 — Beethoven’s birthplace — has been sold by its present owner to Mr. … of this city for the price of 57,000 marks.” Not long before, art‑loving men of Bonn had joined forces to acquire this memorable house, in which the greatest son of that city had first seen the light of the world, and to preserve it for posterity as a monument of reverent gratitude. Thus the “Beethoven‑Haus” association in Bonn came into being. To procure the necessary funds for carrying out this enterprise, it was decided to organize periodically recurring chamber‑music festivals on a large scale with exemplary performances. The first of these festivals therefore took place in 1890 from 11 to 15 May. Joachim had been appointed honorary president of the association, and his quartet was naturally one of the chief attractions. Unfortunately, de Ahna had meanwhile passed away, but he was admirably replaced by one of Joachim’s pupils. At this festival I played, among other things, Beethoven’s Trio Op. 70 No. 2 with Joachim and Alfred Piatti. When the three of us were later photographed, we added together our ages and arrived at the imposing sum of 193. The second festival was held in 1893 from 10 to 14 May, and once again the number “3” came into its own, for again I had to play a large Beethoven trio with Joachim.


Finally, mention should be made of the two celebrations at which the monuments to Mendelssohn in Leipzig and to Schumann in Zwickau were unveiled. On 26 May 1892 the bronze statue of Mendelssohn was revealed, and the celebration culminated in a gala concert in the new Gewandhaus, which I conducted and in which Joachim played Mendelssohn’s violin concerto, while on the previous evening we both had taken part in a more intimate gathering devoted to Mendelssohn’s chamber music. The unveiling of the Schumann monument was celebrated with a multi‑day music festival in June 1901. Joachim and I, as the only surviving artists who had been close to Schumann, were invited to direct the festival together with the local music director, and likewise to take part as performers. When Joachim, under my direction of the orchestra, performed the master’s violin fantasy and suddenly, from overwhelming emotion, lost the thread, it tore at my heart as well, and it was only natural that, at the end of the piece, we should fall into each other’s arms, thinking of the so sadly departed master whom we had loved so much. That was my last time together with Joachim.


Now he too, the great master of the violin, has gone home. The younger generation, who heard him play only in the last years of his life, often claimed to be disappointed, because they noticed the weaknesses due to his aging limbs but did not know how to appreciate the greatness of his style and the simple beauty of his delivery. One may regret that circumstances forced him to appear in public until shortly before his end; but not a single leaf falls on that account from the evergreen laurel that encircles his noble brow.
 
 

 

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Carl Flesch on Joseph Joachim

02 Friday Jan 2026

Posted by Joachim in Miscellaneous Articles, Uncategorized

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From: The Memoirs of Carl Flesch, trans. Hans Keller, ed. Hans Keller in collaboration with C. F. Flesch, foreword by Max Rostal (London: Rockliff Publishing Corporation, 1957), 30–38. 


In this memoir, Carl Flesch presents an assessment of Joseph Joachim’s character and art, portraying him as a towering yet deeply flawed figure whose greatest impact lay less in pure violinistic technique than in musical ethics, programming, and interpretive ideals. He admires Joachim’s quartet leadership, spiritual depth, nobility of musical outlook, and improvisatory intuition, while stressing his relatively early technical decline, cool tone, nervousness in solo roles, and problematic bowing concept that, in his view, produced many technically damaged, mediocre pupils rather than world‑class virtuosi. Flesch hails Joachim’s Concerto in the Hungarian Style and E‑minor Variations as works of genius that reveal an exceptional but under‑realized compositional talent, stifled by administrative and performing burdens, even as he praises Joachim’s cadenzas to concertos by Brahms, Beethoven, Mozart, and Viotti as unmatched models. Flesch faults Joachim as a teacher and institutional leader for allowing second‑rate staff such as Moser, Wirth, and Hausmann to shape the Hochschule, which, he argues, helped cede international primacy from the German school to Franco‑Belgian and Russian violin traditions. He also sketches Joachim’s weak conducting, conservative aesthetic stance, and complex moral and personal character—including hostility to Wagner, jealousy of rivals like Kreisler, and unhappy domestic life—before concluding that, despite these shortcomings, Joachim remains a landmark in the history of violin playing and a central figure in redefining the virtuoso as an ethical interpreter rather than a mere showman.

Carl Flesch on Joseph Joachim

Joseph Joachim was born in 1831 at Kittsee in the Hungarian county of Wieselburg, about thirty kilometres from my own birth-place; he was the son of poor Jewish traders. So far as the external circumstances of his life are concerned, Andreas Moser’s biography[1] offers us the most detailed information in every respect. It cannot be gainsaid, however, that Moser glorifies Joachim’s personality and art to the extent of utterly unobjective idolatry, whereas in reality, even this supreme figure showed certain unmistakable weaknesses.

In the course of his career, which spanned about sixty-six years, Joachim was active as a quartet leader,[2] soloist, composer, teacher, conductor, and as head of the newly-established department for musical execution—Hochschule für ausübende Tonkunst—at the Royal Academy of Arts in Berlin. I have here enumerated his activities in what I consider to be the order of their importance.

As a quartet player, he not only gave his best, but also conquered peaks never reached before or after. It was not the perfection of his execution to which he owed his lonely greatness, for Sarasate’s sensuous euphony, Wilhelmj’s powerful tone and Wieniawski’s fire were all superior to what Joachim had to offer in these respects; it was not beautiful sound as such that made his quartet playing a profound experience. Rather, it was the inner life of his performances, the nobility of his musical outlook and the imaginative freedom which marked his interpretations despite all due obedience to the written text. His playing was informed with an indefinable suggestive power to which every sensitive musician had to submit. In his last years, I sometimes heard him play out of tune, drily, and with insecure technique. Owing to the absence of any kind of vibrato, his tone had assumed a somewhat senile character, and his fingers had become gouty and stiff, so that semitones in the higher positions came critically close to whole tones. Nevertheless, one could not but be deeply impressed by his genius for shaping his phrases, by the somnambulistic certainty of his intuitions which always seemed to find the only true violinistic expression for the inner significance of the music. Unjustly, he used to be known as a ‘classical’ violinist in the slightly suspicious sense which the adjective had acquired in the course of time, and which always made one think of a kind of respectable dullness. In actual fact, he was a romantic through and through, uninhibited, even somewhat gipsy-like by nature, and he always retained these traits which, indeed, can still be heard in his Violin Concerto ‘in the Hungarian Style’, op. 11.

The Joachim Quartet, on the other hand, left a good deal to be desired as an ensemble. Robert Hausmann [1852–1909], the ’cellist, suffered from a variety of technical insufficiencies; and on the viola, Emanuel Wirth [1842–1923], known and feared as ‘the wrist player’ (der Handg’lenkler), was as dry as desert dust; while the otherwise outstanding violinist Karel Halíř [1859–1909] was not sufficiently flexible to adjust himself to Joachim’s tonal peculiarities. Altogether, the quartet consisted of a solo violin with three instruments accompanying—a style which is diametrically opposed to the aims of our own time’s quartet playing as first introduced by the Bohemian String Quartet. But then, the ‘regulars’ at these recitals only wanted to hear Joachim anyway; willy-nilly, the other players had to be accepted as part of the bargain. The leader’s personality would indeed have towered above even far greater instrumentalists than were his colleagues.

My opinion of Joachim as a soloist, on the other hand, can only be accepted with reservations: when I heard him for the first time, he had already reached the age of fifty-seven, whereas I was no older than thirteen! Nevertheless, the nobility of his cantilena, especially in the adagio of Spohr’s Second Violin Concerto and in the violin transcription of Schumann’s Gartemelodie, has remained an unforgettable experience for me. Like all great violinists, he had, in his earliest youth, concentrated on virtuoso tasks. In particular, he liked to play Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst’s ‘Othello’ Fantasy, which is almost completely forgotten nowadays, as well as that composer’s Violin Concerto in F sharp minor. But he soon turned to worthier tasks.

In the development of modern violin playing he has, as it were, intervened with his characteristic primacy of the spirit over technique; and in general musical history, he survives in the first place as a large-scale reformer of programme-making. We have to remember that this was the period of operatic fantasies, polonaises,[3] elegies, mazurkas and so forth, of the tyranny of the salon piece, if we want to appreciate his courage in expecting his audiences to sit through the Bach Chaconne, the Violin Concertos of Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, the Schumann Fantasy for violin and orchestra, and indeed even his own ‘Hungarian’ Concerto. He had to renounce all easy and cheap success, the acclaim of the broad masses. If, despite the enormous demands his programmes made on the average listener, Joachim’s stature was generally recognized from the outset of his career, this only proves that he had quickly succeeded in educating the public and raising its standards to his own. We owe it above all to him that the virtuoso for virtuosity’s sake came to be relegated to an inferior position, that the music itself was promoted to the first place. Stimulated by Joachim, Hans von Bülow, too, began to reshape his piano programmes in a similar way. Thus the primacy of the musical over the virtuoso element was established on a firm basis which, ever since, has proved unshakeable. Thanks to the high ethical ideals of Joachim’s art, the virtuoso developed, within a mere thirty years, from his early nineteenth-century position of an entertainer to that of an artist who wished to be primarily regarded as a mediator between the work and the listener.

As a violinist per se, we remember Joachim as a supremely outstanding figure although—owing to his over-numerous commitments in all possible spheres—he showed an unmistakable technical deterioration at a relatively early stage. We certainly believe the historians who tell us that in his early days he towered above all his rivals. But on the other hand we know that, for instance, the unjustly forgotten Ferdinand Laub [1832–75], of whom Joachim used to say that he played the ‘Hungarian’ Concerto better than the composer himself, was at least technically his equal; that Wilhelmj later surpassed him in both beauty of sound and racy virtuosity; and that the smooth technique, sweet tone and pure intonation of the Sarasate of the ’eighties ousted Joachim, purely as a violinist, from his leading position, though we must not forget that he more than compensated for his technical defects by his unique spiritual and musical superiority.

His tone as such could be described as rather cool; it needed inspiration from within before it stirred the listener, and was thus extremely dependent on his own mood. The outstandingly brilliant features of his technical equipment were an incredibly racy mordent, a pithily rhythmic ‘Spohr staccato’ (as distinct from the extremely rapid and stiff ‘Wieniawski staccato’)[4] and extremely subtly differentiated ordinary and thrown spiccatos, which he very originally described as ‘rain’ and ‘hail’ respectively. Judging from the difficulties of his ‘Hungarian’ Concerto, moreover, his general double-stopping technique must also have been equal to the greatest demands in earlier years.

Joachim seems to have been prevented from regular practice by his travels, his quartet playing, teaching, administrative duties and social obligations. As a result, he showed from his fiftieth year onwards a high degree of nervousness when he had to cope with solo tasks, so that for example he very seldom achieved his full powers in the first movement of the Beethoven Violin Concerto; only in the second movement did the greatness of his personality and skill fully manifest itself. As he grew older, moreover, his memory became strikingly unreliable, often forcing him to interrupt his performance. From his sixtieth year, therefore, he devoted himself almost exclusively to quartet playing and, despite his rather disturbing mechanical inhibitions, led the field there until his death, with a capacity for musical empathy that amounted to genius.

Finally, his bowing technique requires detailed discussion, not only because it came to determine the development of the German violin school from the middle of the nineteenth century, but also because it provides a transition to an appreciation of his activities as a teacher. Joachim played with the then usual lowered upper arm, which necessarily involved a right-angle relationship between the hand and the forearm at the nut. The bow was held by the fingertips, the index finger touched the stick at the line of the top joint, while the little finger remained on the stick even at the point, all this as a result of the unsatisfactory pronation of the forearm at the upper half of the bow. The change of bow at the nut was accomplished with stiff fingers by means of a combined movement, very difficult to describe, consisting of a horizontal jerk of the wrist and a slightly rotating movement of the forearm. In my opinion Joachim’s bowing was a purely personal affair, an intuitive motional translation of a thoroughly individual expressive need. The error started only when his followers and pupils attempted, on the basis of this personal and even physiologically defective style, to found a school whose principles claimed universal validity. Emanuel Wirth [1842–1923][5] and his colleagues made the purely horizontal wrist movement the key to bowing technique altogether. Since, however, this movement had nowise been provided for by nature, and hence was unnatural in the true sense of the word, it was not surprising that the majority of the students thus maltreated contracted arm troubles and, as violinists, became cripples for life. Of the smaller proportion of pupils who succeeded in surviving this torture, the majority turned into the type of Joachim pupil of mediocre quality well known in orchestras and conservatoires, while a minimal number of especially talented fiddlers succeeded in casting off the strait jacket into which they had been thrust, and developed to a higher stage. But in the forty years of his activity, Joachim never trained a single violinist who achieved world fame, though during the years when he was its director, the Berlin Hochschule formed a centre at which the world’s strongest talents assembled, providing him with the best possible material. People like Halíř, Hess, Petri,[6] Eldering, Klingler, Berber, Gregorowitsch, Wietrovecz, Wittenberg, Havemann etc. were mostly talents of the first rank, who did not achieve full development only because from the beginning their technique had been thrust into a false path by this tragical wrist mania. Joachim himself is really innocent, for he never made any pretensions to be a teacher of basic principles. He was the ideal type of a training teacher, the playing teacher par excellence who influenced by his example, which, however, he was unable to analyse and explain purely rationally. Only those whose technical training was firmly established could profit by his teaching. His performances were distinguished by a poetic quality which, once one had experienced it, accompanied one all one’s life. Marsick and Hubay, for instance, were thus affected; and I, too, have been unable all my life to free myself from the memory of his interpretation of certain works. But here again lay the danger of a repression of the pupil’s individuality if, that is, he remained too long exposed to Joachim’s seductive influence. As teachers, towering individualities usually are vampires who suck out their pupils’ personality.

All in all Joachim achieved no very beneficial effects as a teacher. Possibly he could have made up for his lack of a pure teaching talent by enlisting outstanding preparatory teachers, who could have supplied him with pupils technically perfected and thus ready for his specific spiritual and musical influence. But as the head of an institution he seems to have been too easily swayed by the advice of others. There can be no other explanation for the circumstance that around 1900 such teachers as Hess, Petri, Eldering and Wendling were all employed in smaller institutes somewhere in Germany, while the education of the young generation in Berlin was entrusted to Wirth, Moser, Markees, and Exner. As a result, in the last seventy years the Franco-Belgian and the Russian schools have achieved an indubitable superiority over the German in world opinion.[7] A similar state of affairs seems to have obtained in the other teaching departments: instead of Julius Klengel and Hugo Becker, Robert Hausmann[8] was in charge of the ’cello class, while the training of singing pupils was entrusted to Frau Schulzen-Asten, though there was a Julius Stockhausen available. And the teachers of composition, Heinrich von Herzogenberg [1843–1900], Friedrich Kiel [1821–85], and Ernst F. K. Rudorff [1840–1916], took care to ensure that no draught from the new-German school should blow into the fusty atmosphere of epigonic mediocrity.

As a composer, too, Joachim was an exceptional talent. It is hardly astonishing that in view of his Concerto in the Hungarian Style, which is a work of genius, Brahms regarded him as more gifted than himself. This work marks a climax in our literature; it is the most outstanding creation that a violinist has ever written for his own instrument. The E minor Variations for violin and orchestra, too, though several degrees more conventional, still occupy an exceptional place in violin literature. But his activities in the concert hall and Hochschule soon crippled Joachim’s creative urge—to Brahms’s profound disappointment. Joachim the composer seems to us like a meteor whose magnitude we can only divine from the brilliant trail of the ‘Hungarian’ Concerto and the Variations.

If many consider Joachim too time-bound as a composer, we all must profoundly admire his cadenzas. That for the first movement of the Brahms Concerto is a masterpiece of which Brahms himself might have been proud, a paraphrase of the themes which has no equal in the relevant literature. The cadenzas for the Beethoven, Mozart and Viotti Concertos can likewise be regarded as models of their kind. Joachim’s editions, on the other hand, are open to criticism. At times he left far too many fingerings and bowings to discretion, as in the case of the Corelli and Beethoven Sonatas, which are hardly distinguishable from the original text. On the other hand, in the Violinschule bearing his name and in the Bach Sonatas he succumbed all too easily to the influence of his collaborator Andreas Moser; many of the fingerings and bowings bear the stamp of a personality theoretically well-versed, but practically inexperienced and reactionary; for Moser was really one of the weakest violinists who emerged from the Joachim school, and he hardly got a chance to acquaint himself personally with the pitfalls of playing in public. The unbiassed observer must therefore find that while we owe to Joachim epoch-making changes in the ethical and musical aspects of virtuosodom, he has not advanced its purely technical side. This latter task was reserved for others, for Jakob Dont [1815–88], Henry Schradieck [1846–1918], Émile Sauret [1852–1920], Otakar Ševčík [1852–1934], and perhaps also for myself.

Conducting was decidedly the weakest of Joachim’s musical talents. Like his friend Brahms, he was far too unshowy to express his personality by way of the baton.

In regard to his intellectual and moral character, too, Joachim was an exception among contemporary violinists, as his correspondence shows—notwithstanding his obstinate rejection of Wagner, his susceptibility to the influence of his inferiors and a somewhat jealous attitude towards other artists and schools.

Fritz Kreisler, for instance, had a sensational success when he made his début in Berlin in 1898. His name was on all lips. It was felt that with him a new era was beginning in the history of violin playing. Now one of Kreisler’s friends, a pupil of Joachim, invited him to visit Joachim’s class. Joachim received Kreisler with icy politeness, without indicating by a single word that he knew who the visitor was. As there was no accompanist present Kreisler offered to undertake this function, and carried it through with the phenomenal verve which had always distinguished his piano playing. At the end of the lesson Joachim took leave of the great violinist with the classic sentence: ‘You certainly are a ready pianist.’

Joachim was not happy in his marriage. He thought he had grounds for doubting the legitimacy of his youngest daughter. The divorce proceedings which he instituted were decided against him, since his wife, the famous singer Amalie Joachim, declared her fidelity to him on oath. Brahms never forgave him the public handling of this affair. When far advanced in his sixties Joachim fell passionately in love with the singer Melba; he even wanted to marry her. But Melba, according to reliable contemporary reports, did not take him seriously.

Joachim went on giving public performances until shortly before his death, at the age of seventy-six. He was, and will always remain, one of the greatest figures, a landmark in the history of our art.


[1] Joseph Joachim: Ein Lebensbild, Berlin, 1898. Completed edition (2 vols.), 1907-10. English translation by L. Durham (1901).

[2] Also, together with Ferdinand David, as orchestral leader at the Leipzig Gewandhaus.

[3] In his History of Viennese Concert Life, Hanslick writes of this era that there was hardly a concert programme without one of Joseph Mayseder’s [1789-1863] popular Polonaises.

[4] In his Art of Violin Playing (Vol. I, p. 69), Flesch observes that ‘neither Joachim nor Sarasate were masters of a normal staccato’, whose ‘importance with regard to technique as a whole should not be exaggerated’.

[5] Viola player in the Joachim Quartet, where he succeeded Edward Rappoldi in 1877, the year when, also at Joachim’s request, he became professor for violin at the Berlin Hochschule. 

[6] Henri Wilhelm, the father of Egon.

[7] This was written in the early ’thirties.

[8] From 1879 until Joachim’s death in 1907 he was a member of the Joachim Quartet (see p. 31).

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Philip Hale on Brahms’s Violin Concerto in D Major, op. 77

05 Sunday Jan 2020

Posted by Joachim in Miscellaneous Articles

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Program note by Philip Hale for the Boston Symphony Orchestra performances by concertmaster Anton Witek (formerly concertmaster of the Berlin Philharmonic) conducted by Dr. Karl Muck, November 24 & 25, 1916.

CONCERTO IN D MAJOR, FOR VIOLIN, OP. 77 . . . JOHANNES BRAHMS
(Born at Hamburg, May 7, 1833; died at Vienna, April 3, 1897.)

This concerto was written, during summer and fall of 1878, at Pörtschach on Lake Wörther in Carinthia for Joseph Joachim, dedicated to him, and first played by him under the direction of the composer at a Gewandhaus concert, Leipsic, on January 1, 1879. The first performance in Boston was by Franz Kneisel at a concert of the Boston Symphony Orchestra on December 7, 1889, when Mr. Kneisel played a cadenza of his own composition. It has since then been played at these concerts by Messrs. Brodsky (November 28, 1891) and Kneisel (April 15, 1893, February 13, 1897, with a cadenza by Charles Martin Loeffler, and at the concert in memory of Governor Wolcott, December 29, 1900); by Miss MacCarthy, November 15, 1902, December 19, 1903; by Mr. Kreisler, March 11, 1905; by Mr. Heermann, November 25, 1905; by Mr. Wendling, October 26, 1907; by Mr. Berber, November 26, 1910; by Mr. Witek, January 20, 1912; by Mr. Flesch, April 3, 1914.

The orchestral part of this concerto is scored for two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, kettledrums, and strings.

Brahms, not confident of his ability to write with full intelligence for the solo violin, was aided greatly by Joachim, who, it appears from the correspondence between him and Brahms, gave advice inspired by his own opinions concerning the violinist’s art.

The concerto was originally in four movements. It contained a Scherzo which was thrown overboard. Max Kalbeck, the biographer of Brahms, thinks it highly probable that it found its way into the second pianoforte concerto. The Adagio was so thoroughly revised that it was practically new.

The violin part was sent to Joachim on August 22, 1878. There was talk of a rehearsal with the Hochschule Orchestra in Berlin in October; to produce it in Vienna; afterwards Joachim was to play it in other cities. Clara Schumann had already heard Joachim play a movement of the concerto in Hamburg, when the two and Brahms were attending a music festival. She wrote to Levi: “You can easily imagine that it is a concerto in which the orchestra and the solo player are wholly blended. The mood of the movement is very similar to that of the second symphony, and the tonality is the same, D major.” On December 13, 1878, Elisabet von Herzogenberg in a letter dated Leipsic asked Brahms if the violin concerto was really not completed. “We heard a wail to that effect from Utrecht, but refuse to believe it. It looks so unlike you to promise more than you can carry out; and you did promise us the concerto at Arnoldstein—dear old sleepy Arnoldstein, where we had so much time for counterpoint!” Brahms replied two days afterwards: “Joachim is coming here, and I should have a chance of trying the concerto through with him, and deciding for or against a public performance. If we do that, and are fairly satisfied with it, you can still hear it afterwards.” On December 21 he wrote: “I may say that Joachim is quite keen on playing the concerto, so it may come off after all. I am against having the symphony” (the one in C minor) “on the same evening, because the orchestra will be tired as it is, and I don’t know how difficult the concerto will prove. I expect to be in Berlin by the 28th to rehearse it on the piano with Joachim. . . . The concerto is in D major, which should be taken into consideration in arranging the programme.” Now Brahms had written in the fall that he hated to think of Joachim’s playing in Austria, while he “stood there doing nothing,” and the only alternative was to conduct. The middle movements had been discarded; “they were the best of course,” but he was inserting a “feeble Adagio.”

Herzogenberg wrote to Brahms that at Leipsic he would need only five first violin parts, five second, three violas, and eight basses, “or, if these are copied separately, five ‘celli and three double basses. . . . I am not going to bother about the keys; the concerto may be in G-sharp minor, for all I know!”

Was the delay in producing the concerto the fault of Brahms or of Joachim? Brahms did not send the new “beautifully written” manuscript of the voice part to Joachim until the middle of December. Joachim’s letters were, to quote Kalbeck’s characterization, strikingly stiff, cool, and forced. Was he vexed because Brahms was so long in sending him the manuscript; or was he disappointed in the music itself; or was he afraid lest Hugo Heermann might play it, for Brahms purposed to stop over at Frankfort on his way to Berlin. He complained, at any rate, of the “unaccustomed difficulties.” Even as late as April, 1879, when he had played the concerto in Leipsic, Vienna, Budapest, Cologne, and London, he wrote to Brahms concerning some changes in the score which the composer had accepted: “With these exceptions the piece, especially the first movement, pleases me more and more. The last two times I played without notes. That a solo composition has been performed in two London Philharmonic concerts in succession has happened in the history of the society only once, when Mendelssohn played his piano concerto in G minor (manuscript).”

The programme of the Gewandhaus concert in Leipsic on January 1, 1879, was as follows:—

Franz Lachner, overture from Suite No. 4; Mozart, Aria from “Die Entführung aus dem Serail” (Mme. Marcella Sembrich); Brahms, Concerto for the violin (new, manuscript, led by the composer, played by Joseph Joachim); Chopin, Songs with pianoforte: Notturno, Mazurka (Mme. Sembrich); Bach, Chaconne (Joseph Joachim); Beethoven, Symphony No. 7.

Miss Florence May in her “Life of Johannes Brahms” quotes Dörffel:” Joachim played with a love and devotion which brought home to us in every bar the direct or indirect share he has had in the work. As to the reception, the first movement was too new to be distinctly appreciated by the audience, the second made considerable way, the last aroused great enthusiasm.” Miss May adds that the critic Bernsdorf was less unsympathetic than usual.

But Kalbeck, a still more enthusiastic worshipper of Brahms than Miss May, tells a different story. “The work was heard respectfully, but it did not awaken a bit of enthusiasm. It seemed that Joachim had not sufficiently studied the concerto or he was severely indisposed.” Brahms conducted in a state of evident excitement. A comic incident came near being disastrous. The composer stepped on the stage in gray street trousers, for on account of a visit he had been hindered in making a complete change of dress. Furthermore he forgot to fasten again the unbuttoned suspenders, so that in consequence of his lively directing his shirt showed between his trousers and waistcoat. “These laughter-provoking trifles were not calculated for elevation of mood.” When the concerto was played in Vienna at Joachim’s own concert on January 14, 1879, Hellmesberger conducted. Hanslick, whose admiration for the music of Brahms is well known, praised highly the workmanship of the concerto, but found the music shy in invention and fancy with half-set sails. He was the first who found a resemblance between the chief theme of the first Allegro and the beginning of the “Eroica.” The twelve-year-old Mozart in “Bastien and Bastienne” anticipated the two. Quoting Andreas Moser’s remark that Brahms demanded an intelligence and a sense of style that are not always found in the performances of the greatest virtuosos, Kalbeck relates the story of Brahms embracing and kissing the little Bronislaw Hubermann “whose genius for the violin had comprehended immediately the concerto with the fingers of his naturally trained hand.”

In spite of Leipsic Brahms soon recovered his spirits. He wrote to Elisabet von Herzogenberg from Vienna in January: “My concert tour was a real down-hill affair after Leipsic; no more pleasure in it. Perhaps that is a slight exaggeration, though, for friends and hospitality are not everything on a concert tour. In some trifling ways it was even more successful; the audiences were kinder and more alive. Joachim played my piece more beautifully with every rehearsal, too, and the cadenza went so magnificently at our concert here that the people clapped right on into my coda. But what is all that compared to the privilege of going home to Humboldtstrasse and being pulled to pieces by three womenkind—since you object to the word ‘females’?”

*
*      *

The composition is fairly orthodox in form. The three movements are separate, and the traditional tuttis, soli, cadenzas, etc., are pretty much as in the old-fashioned pieces of this kind; but in the first movement the long solo cadenza precedes the taking up of the first theme by the violin. The modernity is in the prevailing spirit and in the details. Furthermore, it is not a work for objective virtuoso display.

The first theme of the first movement, Allegro ma non troppo, D major, 3-4, of a somewhat pastoral character, is proclaimed by violas, ‘cellos, bassoons, and horns; and the development is carried on by the full orchestra in harmony. In the course of the introduction this theme is pushed aside by other motives; and it first becomes again prominent through wood-wind and strings in the highly developed introductory cadenza of the solo violin. The free fantasia begins with an orchestral tutti in A minor, and for some time the orchestra carries it on alone; then the working-out is continued between orchestra and violin. In the coda, after the orchestral fury, Brahms has given opportunity for the violinist to introduce an unaccompanied cadenza. The second movement, Adagio, F major, 2-4, is in the nature of a serenade movement. It may be called a romanza. The chief song is played first by the oboe, which is accompanied by wind instruments; then it is played in changed form by the violin, which also plays a more emotional second theme, and ornaments it in the development. After frequent modulations in the development of the second theme there is a return to F major and the first theme, which is sung by the solo violin.

The Finale, a rondo in D major, 2-4, is built on three themes. There is brilliant work for the solo violin,—double-stopping, florid running passages, arpeggios, technical demands on the player.

It may be here added that Brahms had an intense admiration for Viotti’s violin concerto in A minor. He wrote from Pörtschach in May, 1878, that the people as a rule did not understand and did not respect “the very best compositions as Mozart’s pianoforte concerto in D minor and the violin concerto of Viotti,” alluded to above.


Mr. ANTON WITEK, violinist, was born at Saaz, Bohemia, January 7, 1872. He studied the violin under Anton Bennewitz at Prague, and in 1894 was chosen concertmaster of the Philharmonic Orchestra of Berlin. Mr. Witek commanded attention in Germany in 1895 by his performance in one evening of three violin concertos (by Beethoven, Brahms, and Paganini). Since 1894 he has given concerts in all the European countries with the Danish pianist, Vita Gerhardt, who is now Mrs. Witek. In 1903 Mr. and Mrs. Witek, with Mr. Joseph Malkin, who was then solo violoncellist of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, formed the Berlin Philharmonic Trio. (Mr. Malkin became a member of the Boston Symphony Orchestra in October, 1914.) In 1907 Mr. Witek played in Berlin the newly discovered violin concerto in A major of Mozart, for the first time, and in 1909 in the same city the newly discovered violin concerto in C major of Haydn, also for the first time.

Mr. Witek was engaged as concertmaster of the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1910. He has played in Boston at concerts of this orchestra the following concertos:—

Beethoven’s Concerto in D major, October 29, 1910; November 14, 1914; Brahms’s Concerto in D major, January 20, 1912; Bruch’s Concerto No. 2, Op. 44, January 18, 1913; Tschaikowsky’s Concerto in D major, Op. 35, January 24, 1914; Beethoven’s Concerto in D major, November 14, 1914; Joachim’s Concerto in the Hungarian manner, February 11, 1916.

He has given several chamber concerts in Boston, with Mrs. Witek and Mr. Malkin. Mr. Witek has also given chamber concerts in New York.

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Bruno Riezler: Review of Andreas Moser, Joseph Joachim. Ein Lebensbild (1898)

26 Tuesday Nov 2019

Posted by Joachim in Miscellaneous Articles

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Riezler, Bruno. “Ein Geigerkönig.” Die Gegenwart. Wochenschrift für Literatur, Kunst und öffentliches Leben, (Berlin, Theophil Bolling, ed.) 54, no. 47 (November 26, 1898): 324-27.


Literatur und Kunst
_______

Ein Geigerkönig
Von Bruno Riezler.

            Paganini, Spohr, Joachim sind die großen Meister der Violine — der italienische Wundermann, der classische deutsche Geiger und der Berliner Professor, der der Erste gewesen, der die Geigerei nicht um ihrer selbst Willen betrieben, sondern sie in den Dienst einer idealeren Sache, in den der Kunst, gestellt und damit seinen Beruf von einem handwerksmäßig körperlichen zu einem innerlich geistigen emporgehoben hat. Sehr schön hat sein Schüler Andreas Moser neuerdings sein Spiel zu schildern und analysiren versucht. “Der erste Factor ist das schönste Erbtheil von Felix Mendelssohn, der seinen jungen Schützling beim gemeinschaftlichen Musiciren stets darauf hingewiesen hatte, die alten Meister zu respectiren, keine Note in ihren Werken zu ändern, immer zuerst an die Musik und dann erst an sein Instrument zu denken, niemals um der bequemeren Spielbarkeit die Intentionen des Componisten zu opfern. Diese Lehren sind bei Joachim auf so fruchtbaren Boden gefallen, daß ihn schon als Jüngling sein Schönheitssinn und ein merkwürdig früh gereifter Geschmack davor bewahrt haben, Extravaganzen zu Gunsten unmittelbarer Wirkung zu begehen. Vielmehr war

325

er stets bestrebt, sich innig mit dem auszuführenden Kunstwerk vertraut zu machen , es in seiner ganzen Tiefe zu erfassen, um es, nachdem es durch das Medium seines künstlerischen Empfindens hindurch gegangen, in ganzer Reine und Schönheit vor dem Zuhörer wieder erstehen zu lassen. Das hat seinen Vorträgen die sprichwörtlich gewordene Vornehmheit und Vollendung, die abgeklärte Ruhe und poetische Weihe gegeben wie sie in gleichem Maaße bei keinem anderen ausübenden Tonkünstler vorkommen. Immer sehen wir den Blick des Meisters auf den geistigen Gehalt, die charakteristischen Merkmale, den Stil des Werkes gerichtet, das unter seinem Bogen zur Wiedergabe gelangt; niemals stellt er sein Ich zur Schau oder kokettirt mit Aeußerlichkeiten. Joachim ist ein so wenig zur Reflexion geneigter Künstler, daß ihm in dieser Hinsicht nur noch Anton Rubinstein an die Seite zu stellen ist. Wie dieser bei seinen Darbietungen hauptsächlih inneren Impulsen folgte, den Eingebungen des Augenblicks freien Zulaß gewährte, so sind auch die Kunstleistungen Joachim’s nur der Ausdruck tiefsten musikalischen Empfindens, das mit der eigentlichen Gehirnthätigkeit in so gut wie gar keinem Zusammenhange steht. Mit dem Unterschied freilich, daß Rubinstein sich manchmal von seinem Temperament zu Uebertreibungen fortreißen ließ, deren sich Joachim niemals schuldig macht. Eine wahrhaft ethische Kraft und ein idealer Schönheitssinn lassen ihn auch bei den leidenschaftlichsten Stellen die Linie niemals überschreiten, wo das Charakteristische aufhört, schön zu sein. Und endlich seine großartige Technik, an die man während seines Musicirens zunächst gar nicht denkt. Seine Darbietungen genießen sich so mühelos, daß sie stets in dem Zuhörer ein wohlthuendes Gefühl der Befriedigung hinterlassen. Wollen und Können sind bei ihm eins. Wie er unbeschränkter Herr ist über das Griffbrett und die raffinirtesten Schwierigkeiten spielend zu überwinden weiß, die die größten Virtuosen aller Zeiten ausgeflügelt haben, so verfügt er über eine Bogenführung, die an Unabhängigkeit und Geschmeidigkeit im wahrsten Sinne einzig ist. Ihr vor Allem verdankt er sein Ausdrucksvermögen und die modulationsfähige Tonangebung, die, bald hell, bald dunkel, verklärt und duftig, üppig und strahlend — je nachdem es der Augenblick erheischt —, uns den unerschöpflichen Farbenreichthum ahnen läßt, den er auf seiner Palette zur Verfügung hat.”

Dieser feinsinnige Beurtheiler hat nun seinem Lehrer und Meister ein schönes biographisches Denkmal *) gesetzt, auf das wir heute unsere Leser warm empfehlend hinweisen wollen. Er schildert darin mit liebevollem Verweilen den Werdegang des großen Künstlers als eine von den seltenen glücklichen Naturen, deren ganze Entwickelung von hellem Sonnenschein bestrahlt und erwärmt wurde. In seiner Jugend schon wurde er durch die Fürsorge verständnißvoller Verwandter vor den leidigen Existenzsorgen beschützt, — er der arme Judensprößling aus Kitsee bei Preßburg, das die deutschenfresserischen Ungarn in ihr für jeden gebildeten Mitteleuropäer unaussprechliches Halbtürkisch “Köpcseny” magyarisirt haben. Natürlich wird auch Joachim, der längst deutscher Staatsbürger ist, wie Liszt und Munkacsi (Lieb) von den Magyaren als eigenste Nationalgröße gefeiert, obwohl er kein Wort ungarisch versteht. Moser erzählt eine hübsche Anekdote: Nach den glänzenden Triumphen, die Joachim im Februar 1861 in Wien geerntet hatte, gab er auch einige Concerte in Pest, wo natürlich der Enthusiasmus, den er erregte, noch weit größer war: feierte man doch in ihm nicht nur den genialen Künstler sondern eben so sehr den berühmten Landsmann, auf den der “ungarische Globus” alle Ursache hatte, stolz zu sein. Bei einem Bankett, das die Studenten dem damals hannöverschen Concertdirector zu Ehren veranstalteten, verstieg sich einer der Redner im Ueberschwang hunnischer Begeisterung zu dem Ausspruch, es sei eine Schande für die Nation, daß einer ihrer größten Söhne in Diensten eines Staates stehen, der nicht einmal so groß sei wie manches ungarisches Comitat. Darauf erhob sich Joachim entschuldigte sich, daß er in deutscher Sprache antworten müsse, der das Ungarische inzwichen verlernt (?) habe, und gab dem Redner zu bedenken, daß es doch nicht gerechtfertigt wäre, von Deutschland so geringschätzig zu reden. Nirgend wo Anders habe man der ungarischen Literatur so warme Sympathien entgegengebracht wie gerade in Deutschland, und er selber habe Petöfi nur durch deutsche Übersetzungen kennen und lieben gelernt. Da er aber ein zu schlechter Redner sei, um seinen Dank für die dargebrachten Ovationen in Worte zu kleiden, wolle er der Versammlung lieber Etwas auf der Geige vortragen. Mit jubelnder Begeisterung begrüßten die Studenten den Vorschlag Joachim’s, der dem Primas der für das Bankett engagirten Zigeunercapelle die Geige aus der Hand genommen hatte, um seinen Worten die That folgen zu lassen. “Ich werde Ihnen einen deutschen Tanz vorspielen, von Bach,” rief er der Versammlung zu, indem er die Geige an’s Kinn setzte. Wie ein kaltes Sturzbad wirkte dieser Zuruf auf die Anwesenden, von denen die Meisten keine Ahnung von der Existenz des großen Thomascantors gehabt haben mochten. Sie waren vielmehr der Meinung gewesen, der von Joachim vorgetragene Tanz wäre von Bach, dem verhaßten österreichischen Polizeiminister unter dessen absolutistischem Regime das ungarische Volk zo lange geschmachtet hatte. Erst nachdem sie eines Besseren belehrt worden waren, erbrauste ein solches Eljen=Rufen durch den Saal, wie es Joachim nicht leicht wieder vernommen haben dürfte.

Aber auch Joachim’s späteres Künstlerwallen war ohne die sonst üblichen Dornen und Enttäuschungen. Doch geht Moser zu weit, wenn er behauptet, daß Joachim in seiner Laufbahn niemals einen Schritt gethan, den er hat rückgängig machen müssen. Man denke nur an seine Stellung zu Liszt und Wagner, deren begisterter Anhänger und Bewnderer er anfänglich war, bis er mit Johannes Brahms und anderen Freunden den berühmten Absagebrief schrieb, der wie Moser versichert, durch eine Indiscretion in die Oeffentlichkeit gelangte und die Unterzeichner ganz ohne Zweifel unsterblich — blamirte. Um wie viel würdiger und klüger war nicht Joachim’s Privatbrief an Liszt. “Ich bin Deiner Musik gänzlich unzugänglich; sie widerspricht Allem, was mein Fassungsvermögen aus dem Geist unserer Großen seit früher Jugend als Nahrung sog. Wäre es denkbar, daß mir je geraubt würde, daß ich je Dem entsagen müßt’, was ich als Musik empfinde, Deine Klänge würden mir nichets von der ungeheuren, vernichtenden Oede ausfüllen. Wie sollt’ ich mich da mit Denen zu gleichem Zweck verbrüdert fühlen, die unter dem Schild Deines Namens und in dem Glauben (ich rede von den Edlen unter ihnen), für die Gerechtigkeit der Zeitgenossen gegen die Thaten der Künstler einstehen zu müssen, die Verbreitung Deiner Werke mit allen Mitteln zu ihrer Lebensaufgabe machen? Vielmehr muß ich darauf gefaßt sein, mit dem, was ich mich bescheide für mich zu erstreben, immer mehr von ihnen abzuweichen, und das, was ich für gut erkannt, was ich für meine Aufgabe halte, auf eigene Verantwortung, wär’s noch so still, zu üben. Ich kann Euch kein Helfer sein und darf Dir gegenüber nicht länger den Anschein haben, die Sache, die Du mit Deinen Schülern vertrittst, sei die meine.” Das ist gewiß männlich und tapfer gesprochen. Wer zwischen den Zeilen zu lesen versteht, wird merken, welche Ueberwindung Joachim die Formulirung seiner Absage and Liszt gekostet hat. Man mag über den Inhalt des Briefes denken, wie man will — auch seine Nothwendigkeit ist von Manchen angezweifelt worden —, aber Niemand wird leugnen können, daß es die That eines ehrlichen Mannes war, der ein künstlerisches Glaubensbekenntniß ablegt und sein Verhalten vor

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falschen Deutngen schützen will. Was die sonstige Schärfe dieses Briefes wesentlich mildert, das ist die wahrhaft rührend Art, mit der Joachim dem älteren Meister seinen Dank ausspricht für alles Andere, was er von ihm gelernt hat. Auch hier wieder unterscheidet er haarscharf zwischen dem Componisten Liszt und seinen übrigen verehrungswürdigen Eigenschaften. Das hat Liszt sehr wohl empfunden, und wenn ihm auch Joachim’s Absage wehe gethan, so hat er doch in seinem ganzen zukünftigen Verhalten ihm gegenüber stets das versöhnende, nicht das trennende Moment in den Vordergrund gestellt. Nicht so seine Anhänger, die diesen Brief als ein Attentat auf ihren Führer bezeichneten, das nicht ungesühnt bleiben durfte. In unglaublichem Durcheinander warf man die Sache Liszt’s mit der Wagner=Frage in einen Topf und behandelte Beide als voneinander unzertrennlich. Aus jener Zeit her datirt schon der unheilvolle Einfluß der “Wagnerianer”, die, mit Raff zu reden, der Sache ihres Meisters mehr geschadet als genützt haben. Das hat auch Joachim an sich selber erfahren. Vom Tage der ersten Aufführung des Lohengrin in Weimar an war er ein enthusiastiscer Verehrer Wagner’s gewesen, und die intime Bekanntschaft mit dem Tannhäuser konnte seinen Respect vor der gewaltigen Persönlichkeit des Meisters nur noch steigern. Schon fünf Wochen nach seiner Anstellung in Hannover, am 5. Februar 1853, dirigirte er zum ersten Mal die Tannhäuser=Ouverture in einem Symphonieconcerte der königlichen Capelle. Moser schildert überdies den großen Eindruck, den das Textbuch der Nibelungen auf Joachim gemacht hat. Die erste Einschränkung der großen Bewunderung für Wagner ist auf seine Bekanntschaft mit Weber’s “Euryanthe” zurückzuführen, die er erst in Hannover unter Marschner’s Direction kennen gelernt hatte und, was das Musikalische anlangt, weit über den Lohengrin stellte. Er war durch sie zu der Einsicht gekommen, daß Wagner mit seinem Lohengrin und Tannhäuser doch nicht so absolute Neuerungen vollbracht hatte, als er bisher angenommen, daß er vielmehr in Weber einen Vorgänger gefunden, dessen eminentes Vermögen, Personen und Situationen musikalisch=dramatish zu charakterisiren, nur insofern von Wagner übertroffen wurde, als dieser Alles dicker auftrug und unterstrich, was Weber’s feinerer musikalischer Sinn in maaßvollen Grenzen gehalten hatte. Die weitaus größere Abschwächung aber erfuhr sein Enthusismus durch die rücksichtslose Propaganda, die die “Wagnerianer” auf Kosten der Meister in’s Werk setzten, denen Joachim persönlich nahe gestanden hatte. Ueberdies witterte er Unheil in den Bestrebungen der Nachtreter Wagner’s, die sich anschickten, die Principien ihres Abgottes auch auf das Gebiet der reinen Instrumentalmusik zu übertragen, eine Absicht, die übrigens Wagner selbst auf das Scharfste mißbilligt hat. Von der ferneren Entwickelung unserer Musik hängt es ab, ob die Kunstgeschichte für oder gegen Joachim zeugen wird, meint Moser. Wir sind freilich der Ansicht, daß Joachim’s Widerwillen vor dem Componisten Liszt schon heute von allen wirklich Einsichtigen im Sinne Joachim’s nachgefühlt wird. Nur sein Urtheil über Wagner dürfte nicht ratificirt werden. Uebrigens gerieth Joachim noch einmal mit Wagner zusammen, als dieser im Hinblick auf ihn die Geiger als Dirigenten abfällig beurtheilte. Natürlich wird Joachim auch hierin von seinem Biographen energisch in Schutz genommen. “Ein flüchtiger Blick in die Musikgeschichte belehrt uns ohne Weiteres, daß es zu allen Zeiten Dirigenten — auch solche allerersten Ranges — gegeben hat, die von Haus aus Geiger waren. Es ist auch gar kein Grund, einzusehen, weßhalb gerade Geiger nicht im Stande sein sollten, sich ein Kunstwerk geistig so vorzustellen und innerlich zu verarbeiten, daß sie demselben an der Spitze von Chor und Orchester eine künstlerisch abgerundete Wiedergabe sichern können. So sind Spohr und Habeneck sicherlich Geiger gewesen, und doch fingt Wagner an mehr als einer Stelle in seinen Schriften deren begeistertes Lob als Orchesterleiter. Weitaus natürlicher ist es vielmehr, Musiker, die mit den Orchesterinstrumenten von Haus aus vertraut sind und die nöthigen Fähigkeiten zum Lesen und Verstehen von Partituren mit sich bringen, an das Dirigentenpult zu stellen, als Clavierspieler, die in der Regel keine Ahnung von dem complicirten Apparat des Orchesters haben. Und wenn auch in letzter Zeit mehrere Clavierspieler hervorragende Dirigenten geworden sind — wie beispielsweise Bülow einer der glänzendsten des Jahrhunderts –, so verdanken sie das nicht etwa ihren pianistischen Antecedentien, sondern besonderen Anlagen, mit denen sie von der Natur ausgestattet waren. Auf alle Fälle aber ist es besser, wenigstens ein Instrument – gleichviel welches — gründlich zu beherrschen, als, wie es bei Wagner der Fall war, keines!”

Der Enkomiast, denn ein solcher ist Moser, bespricht auch Joachim’s Thätigkeit als Director der Berliner Akademischen Hochschule für Musik. Es dürfte schwer fallen, für die hingebende Treue und gewissenhafte Pflichterfüllung, mit der Joachim vom Tage der Gründung bis auf die heutige Stunde dem Ausbau und der Entwickelung der Hochschule seine besten Kräfte gewidmet hat, ein auch nur annäherndes Beispiel an die Seite zu stellen. Nur der lauterste Idealismus und das freudige Bewußtsein, Gutes und Segenbringendes zu stiften, können die aufopfernde Mühewaltung erklären, die er an seine Schöpfung gewendet hat. Sie hat ihm in der Freiheit seiner Bewegung und der unbeschränkten Verwerthung seiner Zeit solche Fesseln auferlegt, daß selbst nahestehende Freunde und Kunstgenossen kein genügendes Verständniß dafür gewinnen können. Während andere Künstler den größten Theil ihrer Muße zu productivem Schaffen oder weit ausgedehnten Concertreisen benützten, die ihnen Ruhm und Geld in schwerer Menge eintragen, ist Joachim den größten Theil des Jahres an seine Stellung in Berlin gebunden und verwerthet bloß seine drei winterlichen Urlaubsmonate zu Concertzwecken. Von den berühmtesten Pädagogen des Violinspiels kann keiner auf eine solche Reihe trefflicher, zum Theil ausgezeichneter Schüler blicken, wie Joachim. “Wie er durch sein persönliches Wirken im Concertsaal vorbildlich geworden ist für jeden ausübenden Tonkünstler, der seinen Beruf von einem höheren, id(e)alen Standpunkt auffaßt, so hat er der Kunst des Violinspiels im verflossenen halben Jahrhundert geradezu den Stempel seiner Individualität aufgedrückt. Durch seine Schüler hat er überdies für einen Nachwuchs gesorgt, der seine Lehren bis tief in’s nächste Jahrhundert hinein weiter vererben und auch späteren Geschlechtern noch zum Bewußtsein bringen wird, daß sie seines Geistes einen Hauch verspürt haben”. Daß Moser seinen Meister auch als Componisten schätzt, ist begreiflich. Er überschätzt ihn geradezu, denn Bleibendes hat Joachim doch nur in der Violin=Literatur geleistet. Seine übrigen Compositionen sind auch immer rasch vorübergegangen. Immerhin hat Joachim mit seinen Variationen die Geiger mit einem Werke bedacht, das auch späteren Generationen noch erzählen wird, daß er nicht nur einer der größten ausübenden Tonkünstlre aller Zeiten, sondern auch einer der bedeutendsten componisten für sein Instrument gewesen ist.

Dagegen sind wir ganz einverstanden mit Moser, wenn er unseren Geigerkönig als Beethovenspieler und Quartettisten überaus hoch stellt. Zwar haben Vieuxtemps und David lange vor Joachim auch schon das Concert von Beethoven und andere classische Werke in der Oeffentlichkeit gespielt, aber sie machten es wie Liszt; auf den Vortrag eines gehaltvollen Werkes ließen sie ihre faden, aber blendenden Phantasien über beliebte Themen folgen, gleichsam als ob sie das Publicum um Verzeihung bitten wollten, daß sie es vorher mit ernster Musik behelligt hatten. Andererseits war ihnen bei der unausgesetzten Beschäftigung mit hohlem Virtuosenkram die ethische Kraft verkümmert worden, ein Kunstwerk in seiner ganzen Tiefe zu

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Erfassen, und die Fähigkeit, es um seiner selbst willen in voller Reine darzustellen. Die schlichte Vornehmheit und geschlossene Einheitlichkeit, mit denen nun Joachim die Concerte von Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Spohr und Viotti, Sätze aus Bach’schen Werken für Violine allein, Sonaten von Tartini, die Schumann’sche Pahntasie u.s.w. zum Vortrag brachte, wirkten geradezu wie eine Offenbarung und führte den Zeitgenossen bisher unbekannte Begriffe von der Aufgabe eines ausübenden Tonkünstlers zu. Kein Wunder also, daß Joachim aller Orten glühende Verehrer hat. Wie groß z. B. die Bewunderung war, die Moltke seinem Geigenspiel entgegenbrachte, ist allbekannt. Der gewaltige Schlachtendenker hatte, wie Moser erzählt, eine besondere Vorliebe für getragene Sätze von mildem Ausdruck, die zu andachtsvoller Stimmung anregen. Hatte ihn Joachim durch den empfindungsvollen Vortrag eines langsamen Stückes erst einmal in eine solche versetzt, so wollte er den ganzen Abend hindurch nichts hören, was ihn aus seiner Beschaulichkeit herausgerissen hätte. Das Lieblingsstück des großen Strategen war der Mittelsatz des Bach’schen D-moll-Concertes für zwei Geigen.

Der Andrang zu den Quartettabenden, die Joachim vom Herbst 1869 ab in Berlin mit seinem Schüler Schiever als zweitem Geiger, de Ahna als Bratschisten und Wilhelm Müller, dem früheren Cellisten des jüngeren “Müller=Quartetts”, veranstaltete, war von vornherein ein so gewaltiger, daß sie lange Zeit unter dem Zeichen “Ausverkauft!” standen. Aber auch später blieb der Besuch dieser Concerte immer noch ein so glänzender, daß man sagen kann, kein zweites künstlerisches Unternehmen habe sich einer auch nur annähernd so hohen Gunst Seitens der musikliebenden Kreise Berlins zu erfreuen, wie das nunmehr seit dreißig Jahren bestehende Joachim=Quartett. Und wenn auch Joachim’s mitwirkende Genossen im Laufe dieser Zeit einige Male wechselten, so hat das die Qualität der Leistungen niemals beeinflußt. Der geniale Führer hat für den Ausscheidenden stets vollwerthigen Ersatz zu finden gewußt und den Neueintretenden in so kurzer Zeit mit dem künstlerischen Geiste vertraut gemachet, der von ihm ausgeht, daß auch Schwankungen im Ensemble selten oder kaum zu bemerken waren. “Was zunächst auffallen wird,” schreibt Moser, “ist das fein abgetönte Ensemble. Die vier Spieler verstehen einander so vollkommen, als ob ihre verschiedenen Functionen von einem gemeinsamen Willen ausgingen. Handelt es sich um accordische Harmoniefolgen wie beispielsweise im Thema der Variationen des D-moll-Quartetts von Schubert, so muß man erstaunen über die dynamische Gleichmäßigkeit, mit der sich die vier Stimmen zu einem Ganzen verschmelzen. Hat aber eines der Instrumente etwas Besonderes, im Vergleich zu den Uebrigen Wichtiges zu sagen, so ist es ebenso bewunderswürdig, wie sich die Anderen unterzuordnen wissen, der Hauptsache Platz machen, ohne in ein bedeutungsloses Säuflen oder Geflüster zu versinken.” Moser verweist auf die geschickte Art, mit der die vier Spieler sich gegenseitig die Pizzicati im ersten Satz des Beethoven’schen Quartetts, Op. 74, abnehmen und so vollständig die Illusion hervorrufen, als ob eine Harfe die Ausführung der dem Stück den Namen gebenden Stelle besorgte. Dann erinnert er an das Scherzo des Cis-moll-Quartetts, wo die vier Instrumente sich gegenseitig die kleinen Bruchstücke der dem Hautthema zu Grunde liegenden Begleitungsfigur zuwerfen, als ob ein Spieler das ganz allein bewerkstelligte; und dann, wie sie jedes Mal nach dem Ritardando ds Presto wieder einzuleiten wissen, ohne da der geringste Ruck zu spüren wäre! “In den schnellen Sätzen der Rasoumowsky=Quartette ist es wieder die rhythmische Präcision, mit der die schwierigen Taktverschiebungen und =Rückungen zu vollendet klarer Ausführung gelangen, die imponirend wirkt; und so ist des Bewunderswerthen hier kein Ende. Nach dem Gesagten leuchtet es ohne Weiteres ein, daß Joachim nicht etwa immer “die erste Geige” spielt und von seinen Partnern unterthänige Dienstverrichtungen fordert. Vielmehr gehen alle Vier so in dem vorzutragenden Kunstwerk auf, daß stets gerade das zur Geltung gelangt, worauf es ankommt.” Die Mission, die das Joachim’sche Quartett erfüllt hat und immer noch ausübt, gipfelt in zwei Punkten: in der Verbreitung des Verständnisses für die letzten Quartette Beethoven’s  und in dem Eintreten für Brahms. Denn während noch vor dreißig Jahren es nur ein kleines Häuflein wr, das sich für späteren Beethoven interessirte, kann man nun sagen, daß, Dank der unermüdlichen Ausdauer und Hingabe Joachim’s, die Gemeinde welche für “die letzten Quartette” schwzärmt, eine recht stattliche goworden ist. Diese Wahrnehmung gilt nicht nur für Berlin und London, wo Joachim seine standigen Quartette hat, nucht nur innerhalb der Grenzen unseres Vaterlandes, sondern weit hinaus, bis in den fernsten Westen Amerikas. Ueberall, wo Joachim’sche Schüler leben, wird der Versuch gemachte, das Beispiel des Meisters nachzuahmen und in seinem Sinne weiterzuwirken. Aber nicht nur seine Unmittelbaren und seine Schüler im Geiste hat er in dieser Hinsicht beeinflußt, sondern gar viele andere Künstler, die mit Joachim in keinem anderen Zusammenhange stehen, als daß er ihnen für ihr eigenes Wirken zum Vorbild geworden ist. Der Ruhm des Joachim’schen Quartetts ist selbstverständlich nicht auf das Weichbild der Stadt Berlin beschränkt geblieben. IN der gesammten musikalischen Welt steht es in dem unbestrittenen Ansehen, daß seine Darbietungen den Höhepunkt dessen bezeichnen, was in der vollendeten Wiedergabe der Kammermusik überhaupt geleistet werden kann. Schließlich gedenkt Moser auch noch des musikalischen Handwerkzeugs, dessen sich das Joachim=Quartett in der Oeffentlichkeit bedient. Seit einer Reihe von Jahren schon spielen die vier Künstler nur auf Instrumenten, die von der Hand des größten Geigenbauers aller Zeiten, des Antonio Stradivari in Cremona (1644—

1737), angefertigt sind. Die Viola, auf der Meister Wirth spielt, gehört zwar nicht der Genossenschaft, der kunstsinnige Besitzer derselben, Herr Robert von Mendelssohn, stellt sie aber dem Quartett bei seinem öffentlichen Auftreten stets in munificenter Weise zur Verfügung. Der Werth der vier Instrumente, die sämmtlich allerersten Ranges sind und aus der Blüthezeit Stradivari’s stammen, repräsentirt das hübsche Sümmchen von rund einmalhunderttausend Mark!

Ueberblicken wir zum Schlusse nochmals Joachim’s künstlerischen Entwickelungsgang, so müssen wir seinem Biographen Recht geben, daß sich hier Alles harmonisch und stetig entwickelt, „wie ein breit angelegtes Crescendo, das schließlich in einen majestätischen Orgelpunkt aufgeht.“ Auch das Geschenk ewiger Jugend scheint ihm der gütige Genius in die Wiege gelegt zu haben. Frisch und munter kann er demnächst ein goldenes Jubiläum feiern: im Februar sind sechzig Jahre seit seinem ersten Auftreten in der Oeffentlichkeit verflossen. Möge er noch lange seines künstlerischen Priesteramtes walten!


*) Joseph Joachim. Ein Lebensbild. Berlin, B. Behr.


Thanks to David Brodbeck for calling my attention to this article. — RWE

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Donald Francis Tovey, “Joseph Joachim: Maker of Music”

05 Tuesday Mar 2019

Posted by Joachim in Miscellaneous Articles

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The Monthly Review, No. 20 (May, 1902): 80-93.


Screenshot 2019-03-05 21.13.29

Joseph Joachim: Maker of Music

In the language of their own age the greatest artists speak for all time; which is as much as to say that they do not speak merely for posterity, and that they may be as far beyond the comprehension of a later age as they were beyond that of their own. The works of Palestrina and Shakespeare (to take the most widely different examples) were greeted by their contemporaries with an intelligent sympathy of which hardly a trace appeared in posterity until comparatively recent times; and even in cases like that of Beethoven, where there seems to have been a century of steady progress in the understanding of his work, it is rather humiliating to reflect how much of our superiority over our ancestors is merely negative. Beethoven was surrounded by brilliant musicians who worked for their own time and had not a word to say to us. Our ancestors had to single Beethoven out from that dazzling crowd; but we have little more than vague ideas as to who was in the musical world a hundred years ago besides the venerable Haydn, then penning his last compositions, and Schubert, Weber, Cherubini, Spohr; in short, precisely those men who are too great and typical to be compared with each other. And in so far as we are thus incapable of realising what it was in these great artists that was too new for their contemporaries to understand, we lose a certain insight which their comparatively few intelligent supporters possessed in an eminent degree, and we fall into the error of greatly under-estimating the difficulty of classical art for ourselves. Indeed, an intelligent sympathy with great art is a privilege that is in all ages hardly won and easily lost. It is not the privilege of experts, nor even of remarkably clever people; it probably needs nothing beyond the sensibilities necessary for the enjoyment of the art, controlled by such clearness of mind as will save us from the unconscious error of setting ourselves above the greatest artists of the present in the past. It is astonishing how many disguises this error assumes; and it often has no more connection with conceit than bad logic has with fraud. The expert is always in danger of reasoning as if his fund of recent technical and aesthetic knowledge had raised his intellect to a higher plane than that of the great men of an earlier generation; the student is constantly mistaking the limitations of his own technique for laws of art, and doubting whether this or that in a great work is justifiable when he ought simply to realize that it is a thing he cannot possibly do himself; and (most insidious of all such confusions of thought) many persons of broad general culturre allow their own legitimate pleasure in a work of art to be spoilt by the consciousnes that there is so much that they do not understand; as if it were an insult to their intelligence to suppose that any work of art should be too great for them to grasp at once.

These very obvious considerations seem to be more neglected in the criticism of performances than in that of compositions; yet it would seem that the very great performer must be almost as far beyond his own age as the very great composer, with the disadvantage that his playing cannot survive him to meet with more justice from posterity. The object of the present sketch is to describe the permanent element in the life-work of one whom most persons of reasonably wide musical culture and knowledge believe to be probably the greatest interpreter of music the world has ever seen. It may seem a strained figure of speech to call the greatness of Joachim’s playing a permanent quality, except in the sense that it has more than stood the test of time as measured by his own career of over sixty years of unbroken triumph; but there can be no doubt that the influence of such playing on subsequent art, both creative and interpretive, must continue to be profound and vital long after the general public can trace it to its source in the personality of the great artist who originated it. The immortality for which the greatest artists work is a thing of fact rather than of fame. Bach wrote his two hundred odd cantatas, sparing no pains to make them as beautiful as only he could understand music to be; yet he not only knew that there was no prospect of their becoming known outside his own circle during his life-time, but he cannot even have a consoled himself with the hope of an immortality of fame for them afterwards; unless we are to suppose that he foresaw such a glaringly improbable thing as their publication by the Bach-Gesellschaft on the Centenary of his death! To such minds facts are facts even if the world forgets them, the artist aims at nothing but the perfection and growth of his art. He cheerfully uses it to earn an honest living, and nothing of human interest is too remote to be material for his art; but he remains undeterred by all that does not affect the matter in hand. The desire for fame, contemporary or posthumous, as an end in itself, can no more explain the cantatas of Bach or the playing of Joachim than the desire for wealth or popularity. All men desire these things, for ulterior purposes, and many great men attain them; but to an artist the actuality of artistic production will always override all considerations of what the world will say or do when the work is finished. In extreme cases the artist is even blameworthy in his indifference to the fate of his work, as when a great painter is heedless in the use of his colors that are not permanent.

Joachim’s unswerving devotion to the highest ideals of the interpretation of classical music is a striking illustration of this rigorous actuality in the true artist’s guiding principles. A composer must have more serious purpose than the normal man of talent if he persists in doing far more careful and copious work than practical purposes demand, while he is all the time convinced, as Bach must have been, that this work will never become known. And this is yet more obviously true of a player; even if it be happily the case, as it certainly is with Joachim, that his efforts have met with the warm gratitude of the public throughout the whole musical world. Indeed, Joachim’s success is as severe a test as his playing could possibly have had; for popular success cannot encourage an artist not absorbed in the realisation of pure artistic ideals to maintain his playing at a height of spiritual excellence far beyond the capacity of popular intelligence. At the present day it is as true as it always has been, that a student of music can measure his progress by the increase in his capacity to enjoy and learn from the performances of the Joachim Quartet: just as a scholar can measure his progress by his capacity to appreciate Milton. Here, then, we have work perfected for its own sake; work that must have been even so perfected if it had never been rewarded as it has been, or surely of all roads to popularity that which Joachim chose—the road of Bach and Brahms—was the most unpromising. The immortality of fact, not of name, is the only principle which will explain Joachim’s career; indeed, it is the only explanation of his popular success. , For, as it is sometimes pointed out with unnecessary emphasis, he has attained his threescore years and ten; so that it is absurd to suppose that his present popularity can still spring either from the novelty of scope, which was once the distinguishing feature of his as of other remarkable young players’ technique, or from that capacity for following the fashion which he never had and never wanted. It is the permanent and spiritual element that makes his playing as profoundly moving now as it was in his youth, and that would remain as evident to all that have ears to hear, even if what is sometimes said of his advancing age were ten times true. As a matter of fact, Joachim’s energy is that of many a strong man in his prime. I believe it cannot be generally known in England what an enormous amount of work he continues to do every day, apart from his concert-playing As the original director of the great musical Hoch-Schule in Berlin, he continues to fill out his working-day with teaching, conducting, administering, and examining; while his numerous concerts, which we in England are apt to regard as the chief, if not the only, demand on his energy, are given in the intervals of this colossal work of teaching by which he has become a maker of minds no less than of music. His concert season in England—those few weeks crowded with engagements that leave barely time to travel from town to town to fulfil them—is in one sense his holiday; and while there are no doubt plenty of young artists who would be very glad of a fixed position in a great musical Academy as a kind of base of operations for occasional concert tours, there are probably few who would not shrink from devoting themselves in old age to both these occupations as Joachim continues to devote himself at the present day. And his vigour seems, to those who have followed his work during the last eighteen months or so, to have increased afresh; certainly nothing can be less like the failing powers and narrowing sympathies of old age than his constant readiness to help young artists not only with advice and encouragement, but by infinite patience in taking part with them in their concerts. If all that he has done in such acts of generosity could be translated into musical compositions, the result would be like Bach’s “fünf Jahrgänge Kirchen-cantaten,” five works of art for every day in the year. In the presence of such an age it is the failings of youth that seem crabbed and unsympathetic. In boyhood the friend of Mendelssohn, whose wonderful piano-forte playing he can at this day describe to his friends as vividly as he can interpret Mendelssohn’s violin concerto to the world at large; in youth the friend of Schumann, to whom he introduced his younger friend, Brahms; throughout life the friend of Brahms, whom he influenced as profoundly as Brahms influenced him; and in middle age one of the very first and most energetic in obtaining a hearing for the works of Dvoràk: a man of such experience might rather be expected to become in the end a laudator temporis acti, with little heart to encourage the young. But Joachim was not born in 1881 that his experience might be useless to those who begin their work in the twentieth century: and there is no man living whose personal influence on all young artists who come into contact with him is more powerful or leaves the impression of a deeper sympathy.

It is not my intention to repeat here the glorious story of Joachim’s career; his leading part in the building up of practically the whole present wide-spread public familiarity with classical chamber-music, including that of Schumann and Brahms; the remarkable history of his early relations with Liszt and Wagner at Weimar, so will set forth in Herr Moser’s recent biography of Joachim, and so entirely different from the crude misunderstandings of the typical anti-Wagnerian; or even the list of illustrious pupils who prove that Joachim’s labour of love in the Hoch-Schule is not in vain. On the other hand, of Joachim the composer I have something to say, more especially as that is a capacity in which he has met with very scanty recognition; perhaps chiefly because his works are as few as they are beautiful, for music is not, like precious stones, famed in proportion to its rarity. Three concertos, five orchestral overtures (of which two are still unpublished, while the exquisitely humorous and fantastic Overture to a Comedy by Gozzi, though composed in 1856, has only just now appeared); these, with a moderately large volume of smaller pieces, such as the rich and thoughtful Variations for viola, and the later set for violin and orchestra, and several groups of pieces in lyric forms, are a body of work that is more likely to escape to preoccupied attention of the present age than that of the posterity that will judge of our art by its organization rather than by its tendencies. Perhaps we may hope for a more immediate recognition of the beauty of the newly published Overture to a Comedy by Gozzi; for its humour and lightness are a new revelation to the warmest admirers of Joachim’s compositions, while it is second to none in perfection of form.

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But let us turn from this subject for a moment to consider what is the real attitude of the public with whom Joachim as an interpreter is so popular. It is absurd to suppose that the public can completely understand the greatest instrumental music; that there is not much in the works of the great classical composers that is at least so far puzzling to them that they would prefer a course or one-sided interpretation to such a complete realization of the composer’s meaning as Joachim gives. But fortunately the typical representative of the intelligent public is not the nervous and irritable man of culture who is always distressing himself because he cannot grasp the whole meaning of a great work of art. The inexpert, common-sense lover of music, who represents the best of the concert-going public, never supposed that he could. All that he demands is that on the whole he shall be able to enjoy his music, and, unless it is exceptionally unfamiliar to him, he can generally enjoy a great part of it almost as intelligently as a trained musician, and often far more keenly, since he is less likely to suffer from over-familiarity with those artistic devices that mean intense emotion in great art and mere technical convenience in ordinary work. No doubt, the ordinary inexpert listener often fails to understand what is it once great and specially new to him; otherwise Bach would have been recognised from the outset as a profoundly emotional and popular composer. And, on the other hand, without the experience of constantly hearing the finest music even an intelligent man may easily be deceived into admiring what is thoroughly bad: indeed, it is a common place of pessimistic critics to point out that the audience the crowds a great hall to hear Joachim has been known in the very same concert to encore songs of a character altogether beneath criticism. But we often over-rate the importance of such things. The public does not claim to be able to tell good from bad; it simply takes considerable trouble to enjoy what it can, being in that respect far more energetic and straightforward than many of those who would improve its taste. And if it often shows that it enjoys many things merely because it is not found out how horribly false they are, that is no proof whatever that its enjoyment of great art is spurious. No doubt it is sad to be victimised by false sentiment; but surely it is good to be stirred by true enthusiasm; and that the public can be so stirred without the smallest concession being made either to its ignorance or its sentimentality the whole of Joachim’s career triumphantly testifies. Since the time of Handel it is probable that no musician devoting himself exclusively to the most serious work in his art has approached Joachim’s record of a continuous popularity rising yet, after more than sixty years, to new triumphs that excite the wonder of many whose interest in music is of too recent growth for them to remember what enormous influence he has always had on his contemporaries and juniors, or to realise that many things now regarded as of quite a new and even anti-academic school owe their vitality to the tradition which he has established. Surely the public that has learnt so well to recognize and testify to the greatness of such a life deserves forgiveness for many temporary errors of taste. It is more important to love good art than never to be deceived by bad.

In the face of Joachim’s universal popularity, the accusations of “cold intellectuality” which of been every now and then directed against him by those whose ideal of art is the greatest astonishment of the greatest number, are not only signs of second-rate criticism but libels on the public. If there is one thing in which the public is almost infallible in the long run, it is in detecting a lack of warmth in work that claims to be serious and solid. No assault on the public’s feelings is too brutal (as Stevenson said of “Home, sweet Home!”), in other words, no sentiment is too false for popular success; but on the other hand no apathetic solidity is imposing enough to interest the public which suspects that it has not interested the artist himself. Indeed, the public is severe in its sensitiveness to the difference between things done as the direct result of an intimate knowledge and love of the work in hand and the very same things as done simply because So-and-so does them. But, on the other hand, it does not readily fall into the error of demanding that no two artists shall have the same “reading “of a composition. When a man of good sense without musical training troubles to think about “readings” at all, the idea that a “reading” is the worse for occurring to a dozen great artists in different generations is the last thing to enter his head. There is no reason why pupils should fail to become great artists because they have learnt all that they know of the interpretation of great music from such a man as Joachim; what art needs, and what the public has the sense to demand, is that they shall so play because they so understand and feel. It does not then always follow that the public will give such work its due; but it is certain that where the artist has not thus made his master’s knowledge and feeling his own, the public will not be deluded into believing that he has. Even the mere virtuoso must have some pleasure in his own virtuosity, or the public will have none. And it is probably sheer tenderness of conscience that causes the universal popularity a false settlement; no one feels comfortable in refusing to respond when his feelings are appealed to by those his claims he has no means of refuting, and this is precisely the position of the inexpert listener with regard to sentimental music.

Much has been written in praise and illustration of Joachim’s playing and that of his quartet; and from most points of view it has been so well and so recently described, both in England and abroad, that to say more here would be impertinent. One point of view has, however, been somewhat neglected. I am not aware that Joachim’s playing has been expressly reviewed as the playing of a composer; and I therefore proposed to devote the rest of the sketch to a few observations on the largest and best known of his works, the Hungarian Concerto, drawing some parallels between it and his playing, and thus illustrating how his sympathy with the great composers has come from a share in their creative experience.

The concerto is on an enormous scale; the first and last movements are, if I am not mistaken, the longest extant examples of well-constructed classical concerto form. And that the form is of classical perfection no one who has carefully studied the work can deny; indeed, so convincing and natural is the flow, and so are the contrasts, that the length of the work remains quite unsuspected by the attentive listener, and would probably never be discovered at all but for the necessity of sometimes timing the items of concert programmes. One may imagine that the composer who shows such colossal mastery of form, would see to it that his playing of classical music revealed the proportions of all that he played, and that he would never dream of “bringing out the beauty” of this or that passage by playing it as slowly as if it belonged to quite a different movement from that in which it occurs. This is, indeed, a tempting short cut to impressiveness of effect; in fact, many fine artists have spared no pains or thought in the search for fresh passages in classical music that can be so revealed to the public; and at all times there has been a definite school of criticism that regards such a method as the true way of artistic progress. It must also be candidly confessed that the higher criticism ruins its own cause when it accuses such artists of false sentiment or vulgarity, or anything more reprehensible than the failure to recognise how much of the greatness of art lies in proportion and design. A sense of form, such as is shown in the Hungarian Concerto, is almost the rarest thing in art, and is incomparably the highest of technical faculties. If Joachim had not been capable of composing a work thus worthy to take a place among the great classical concertos, he would not have been able as a player to found that great tradition of interpretation that has made the last quartets of Beethoven on the whole better understood by the musical public than Shakespeare is by the average reader. The tradition, once founded, can be nobly carried on by players who have no thoughts of composition; but to originate such a work requires an essentially creative mind. No amount of exploration from point to point, or loving care in the delivery of each phrase, no genius for breadth and dignity of musical declamation would ever have sufficed to make these works, so unfathomable in detail, grandly intelligible as wholes. And unless the whole is grasped, the details remain undiscovered.

Of course this grand quality of form is not directly recognisable by the public, either in compositions or in performances. It is a cause rather than an effect, and it is absolutely unattainable by mere imitation. Nor is a school-knowledge of the general facts of classical form equivalent to this true grasp of musical organisation, either in playing or in composition; for these general facts, just in so far as they are general, are accurately true of no one classical work. They are not the principles that make classical music what it is; they are the average phenomena that enable us to define and classify art-forms: and that kind of playing that carves the music joint byjoint, that treats a fugue as if nothing but the fugue-subject were fit for the public ear, and that always plays a specially beautiful phrase louder and slower than its context, —— such playing is as far removed from Joachim’s method of interpretation as the form of a bad degree-exercise is from that of the Hungarian Concerto.

There is nothing scholastic or inorganic in Joachim’s form; perhaps in the first movement one has a temporary impression of rather cautious symmetry of rhythm, just as one has with the first movement of Beethoven’s Concerto in C minor, a work that in formal technique and proportions is remarkably akin to Joachim’s and probably influenced it more powerfully than the entire absence of resemblances in external style and theme would suggest. But, like the Beethoven C minor, the Hungarian Concerto soon shows that it is not of such matter as can be cast in a merely academic mould. Though in both works the opening tutti, with its deliberate transition from first subject to second, is more like the beginning of a symphony than either Beethoven or Brahms allowed in the tuttis of their later concertos to be, yet the treatment of the solo instrument, its relation to the orchestra, and the grouping and development of the themes, are in both works as mature and highly organised as pollible, and as surely the work of a great composer in Joachim’s case as in Beethoven’s. The very outset of Joachim’s first solo, where the violin passes from the impressive first theme to allude to the tender sequel of the second subject, a phrase originally uttered in the major mode by the oboe in its poignant upper register, but now given in the minor mode with the solemn tones of the violin’s G-string; this is just such a freedom of form as only a true tone-poet can invent. Classical music is full of such things; ordinary formal analysis cannot explain them, since, as we have seen, it is concerned with averages, not with organic principles; and these passages have no external peculiarity to call the attention of the inexperienced to their significance. If there is much of this kind in classical music that is now of common knowledge, if it is possible to point out such things here, this is mainly due to the fact that the most influential musical interpreter of modern times can reveal the meaning of such traits because he has experienced them In his own creative work.

All that has been said here as to the form of the Hungarian Concerto and its analogy with the architectonic quality of Joachim’s playing may be repeated in different terms as to the more detailed aspects of the work. The score is so full of detail that it is very difficult to read; not that there is anything startlingly “modern” about it; those who would seek in it the “latest improvements of modern orchestration” are doomed to disappointment. For one thing, it was written within two years of Schumann’s death, eighteen years before the appearance of Brahms’ first symphony, and twenty years before Dvoràk came to his own (largely through the united efforts of Brahms and Joachim themselves). The only modern influence that could possibly affect a work in so classical a form at the date of this concerto was to be found in Brahms, to whom, in fact, the work is dedicated. But at that time Brahms was twenty-four and Joachim was twenty-six; and the history of the opening of Brahms’ B♭ sextet and many things in his first pianoforte concerto will bear witness that the influence was about equally strong on both sides. However, all such historical matters are beside the mark. Joachim, both as composer and player, is an immortal whose work is so truly for all time that it cannot be measured in terms of the present or any age. The Hungarian Concerto may perhaps seem, to some who put their trust in symphonic poems, almost as antiquated as Bach’s arias and recitatives seemed to most musicians in the ‘fifties just a century after Bach’s death; but a time always comes, even though centuries late, when it is recognised that in art all “effects” must have their causes no less than in logic and nature; and that the work in which the effects come from sufficient and deep-rooted causes has more vitality than that which depends merely on brilliant allusions to the latest artistic discoveries of its day.

When the time comes for the verdict of history as to the instrumental music of the last sixty years, Joachim will still be known as a purifying and ennobling influence of a power and extent unparalleled in the history of reproductive art; but I cannot believe that historians will ascribe this influence merely to the violinist; and they will see in the enormous wealth of a harmonious detail that crowds the score of the Hungarian Concerto that very completeness and justness that we know so well in his playing. When they admire the art with which the solo violin is made to penetrate the richest scoring with ease, they will understand, perhaps better than ourselves, that true balance of tone and perfection of ensemble with which the Joachim Quartet quietly and simply discloses all essential points without reducing the accompaniment to a dull, disorganised mumble. When they see the wonderful burst of florid figuration that accompanies the return of the theme of the slow movement, or the freedom and subtlety of its coda, they will hear what it was in Joachim’s playing that showed us the true depth of expression in Bach’s elaborately ornate melody, which our fathers thought so antiquated and rococo. And they will long to have heard Joachim’s violin-playing as we long to have heard Bach at his organ: not from curiosity to verify an old record of technical prowess, but from the desire to recover the unrecorded manifestations of a creative mind.

DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY.

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Hans Joachim Moser: Joseph Joachim (1908)

30 Wednesday Jan 2019

Posted by Joachim in Miscellaneous Articles

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Hans Joachim Moser, Joseph Joachim, Sechsundneunzigstes Neujahrsblatt der Allgemeinen Musikgesellschaft in Zürich, Zürich & Leipzig: Hug & Co., 1908


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Review: Adolph Kohut’s “Josef Joachim. Ein Lebens- und Künstlerbild.”

16 Thursday Mar 2017

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From: Leipziger Zeitung 95 (August 11, 1891): 380.


J.— Josef Joachim. Ein Lebens= und Künstlerbild. Festschrift zu seinem 60. Geburtstage, am 28. Juni 1891, von Dr. Adolph Kohut. Mit einem Bildniß Josef Joachim’s. Berlin, 1891, A Glas, Musikalienhandlung. Preis brosch. M. 1,20. — Das vorstehende Schriftchen, eine Huldigung für unsern größten Geiger, gehört zu den besseren Arbeiten des Verfassers. Hat es auch auf Selbständigkeit keinen Anspruch — denn die eigenen Zuthaten beschränken sich im Wesentlichen auf einige Zeitungsreferate, Briefe und Anekdoten — so schöpft es doch aus gute Quellen. Sehr ausgiebig benutzt der Autor Otto Gumprecht’s Joachim=Skizze aus den “Neuen musikalischen Charakterbildern” (Leipzig, Hässel, 1876). Auch Charles’ “Zeitgenössische Tondichter” und Wasielewski’s “Die Violine und ihre Meister” werden viel citirt. Den genannten Werken entnimmt Dr. Kohut auch die Urtheile über Joachim’s Künstlerschaft. Er thut wohl daran, den Leuten von Fach das Wort zu lassen; er ist selber doch kein Musikschriftsteller, auch wenn er noch so viel über Musik schreibt.

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M. Charles: Joseph Joachim und sein Concert “in Ungarischer Weise”

26 Thursday Jan 2017

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From: M. Charles, Zeitgenössische Tondichter. Studien und Skizzen, Leipzig: Serig’schen Buchhandlung, 1888, pp. 261-273.


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W. Langhans: Die Königliche Hochschule für Musik zu Berlin

05 Thursday Jan 2017

Posted by Joachim in Miscellaneous Articles, Uncategorized

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W. Langhans, Die Königliche Hochschule für Musik zu Berlin, Leipzig: E. W. Fritzsch, 1873.


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W. Langhans, Die Königliche Hochschule für Musik zu Berlin, Leipzig: E. W. Fritzsch, 1873.

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Baroness von Zedlitz: A Chat With Dr. Joachim

06 Sunday Mar 2016

Posted by Joachim in Miscellaneous Articles, Reminiscences & Encomia

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Baroness von Zedlitz, “A Chat With Dr. Joachim,” The Woman at Home, London (1894), pp. 227-234.


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When quoting this article, please acknowledge the source: http://www.JosephJoachim.com

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